Transcript What Happens During Respiration

The Respiratory System
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The respiratory system provides
oxygen to the blood and removes
carbon dioxide from the body.
diaphragm
trachea
bronchi
asthma
tuberculosis
emphysema
What Happens During Respiration
The respiratory system provides oxygen to
the blood and removes carbon dioxide from
the body.
The continual exchange of gases in both
external and internal respiration is essential for
survival.
What Happens During Respiration
In external respiration, oxygen moves from the
lungs into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves
from the blood into the lungs.
What Happens During Respiration
In internal respiration, oxygen moves from the
blood into the cells, and carbon dioxide moves
from the cells into the blood.
How Respiration Works
The respiratory system consists of the lungs,
trachea, and diaphragm.
Your lungs automatically fill with air and are
emptied in a rhythmic way.
How Respiration Works
As you inhale, the diaphragm and the muscles
between your ribs contract, expanding your chest
cavity and your lungs.
Diaphragm
A muscle that separates the
chest from the abdominal
cavity
How Respiration Works
As you inhale, the pressure inside your lungs is
lower than the pressure outside your body, so air
flows into your lungs to equalize the pressure.
How Respiration Works
As you exhale, the pressure inside your lungs is
higher than the pressure outside your body, so air
flows out of your lungs to the outside to equalize
the pressure.
The Lungs
Air moves into the lungs through the trachea.
Trachea
The windpipe
The Lungs
The trachea branches out into two bronchi.
Bronchi
The main airways that
reach into each lung
The Lungs
A network of tubes called bronchioles branch from
the bronchi.
At the end of each bronchiole are groups of
microscopic structures called alveoli, thin-walled air
sacs covered with capillaries where gas exchange
takes place.
Other Respiratory Structures
The respiratory system also includes these structures in the upper airways.
Nose and Mouth
Air enters and exits your body through the
nose and mouth
Pharynx
Air moves from the nose and mouth into the
pharynx, or throat
Trachea
Air moves from the pharynx into the trachea,
or windpipe
Larynx
Connects the throat and the trachea
Epiglottis
Closes off the entrance to the larynx and the
trachea
Maintaining Your Respiratory Health
Caring for your lungs can prevent many
respiratory disorders.
The single most important decision you can
make for your respiratory health is not to
smoke.
Maintaining Your Respiratory Health

Avoid tobacco use and exposure to
secondhand smoke.

Get regular physical activity.

Wash your hands regularly.

Limit your exposure to pollutants in
the air.
Respiratory System Problems
Problems of the respiratory system can be
mild, such as a cold, or serious and even life
threatening.
Colds and influenza are common infections of
the upper respiratory system.
Respiratory System Problems
Sinusitis
An inflammation of the tissues that line the
sinuses, air-filled cavities above the nasal
passages and throat.
Bronchitis
An inflammation of the bronchi caused by
infection or exposure to irritants such as
tobacco smoke or air pollution.
Pneumonia
An inflammation of the lungs commonly
caused by a bacterial or viral infection.
Respiratory System Problems
During an asthma attack, an involuntary
contraction of smooth airway muscles leads to
chest tightness and breathing difficulty.
Asthma
An inflammatory condition in which the
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles become
narrowed, causing difficulty breathing
Respiratory System Problems
Long-term treatment of
asthma includes medication
that reduces inflammation of
the airways and avoiding
substances that can trigger
asthma attacks.
Respiratory System Problems
When a person is infected with tuberculosis, the
immune system surrounds the infected area and
isolates it.
Tuberculosis
A contagious bacterial
infection that usually affects
the lungs
Respiratory System Problems
A person can have inactive tuberculosis for many
years and not show symptoms.
However, if the immune system is weakened, the
infection can become active, causing symptoms
including cough, fever, fatigue, and weight loss.
Respiratory System Problems
Emphysema, which is almost always caused by
smoking, causes breathing difficulty, chronic
cough, and permanent tissue damage.
Emphysema
A disease that progressively destroys
the walls of the alveoli
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
1. What causes the lungs to fill with air?
The contraction of the diaphragm and the
muscles between the ribs expand the chest
cavity and lungs. The lower pressure inside
the lungs causes air to flow in.
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
2. Which problems with the respiratory
system can be caused by smoking?
Bronchitis and emphysema
After You Read
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
3. How can washing your hands protect
your respiratory system?
Frequently washing hands helps keep them
free of bacteria and viruses that can be
easily transmitted to the respiratory system
by touching the nose and mouth.