Transcript The Language of Medicine

The Language Of
Medicine
Dr. Michael Gillespie
CHAPTER 12
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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CHAPTER GOALS
Name the organs of the respiratory
system and describe their location and
function.
 Identify various pathological conditions
that affect the system.
 Learn medical terms that pertain to
respiration.

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CHAPTER GOALS
Describe important clinical procedures related
to the respiratory system, and recognize
relevant abbreviations.
 Apply your new knowledge to understanding
medical terms in their proper contexts, such as
medical reports and records.

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INTRODUCTION
External respiration: Exchange of air in lung
capillaries
 oxygen
inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs
 immediately passes into capillaries
 carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs,
to be exhaled
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INTRODUCTION (CONT’D)
Internal respiration: Exchange of gases in the
cells



occurs simultaneously between cells and
capillaries
oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the
tissues
carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the
bloodstream to travel to the lungs
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RESPIRATORY ANATOMY
Mediastinum: Middle of chest where trachea
divides into two branches
 Bronchi: Each leads to a separate lung
 Lungs: Lobes are not mirror images
 Hilum: Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue,
and bronchial tubes enter and exit

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ANATOMY OF RESPIRATION
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ANATOMY OF RESPIRATION
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RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES
Conduct air





Nose
Nasal cavities and
paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Exchange gases



Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lung capillaries
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RESPIRATORY FLOW CHART
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RESPIRATORY FLOW CHART
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VOCABULARY




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

adenoids
alveolus (alveoli)
apex of the lung
base of the lung
brochioles
bronchus (bronchi)
carbon dioxide
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VOCABULARY








cilia
diaphragm
epiglottis
expiration
glottis
hilum
inspiration
larynx
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VOCABULARY




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
lobe
mediastinum
nares
oxygen
palatine tonsil
paranasal sinus
parietal pleura
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VOCABULARY







pharynx
pleura
pleural cavity
pulmonary parenchyma
respiration
trachea
visceral pleura
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QUICK QUIZ:
1. What is the tip or uppermost portion
of the lung?
A. base
B. lobe
C. apex
D. nares
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COMBINING FORMS
AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
adenoid/o
 alveol/o
 bronch/o
 bronchi/o
 bronchiol/o
 capn/o

Meaning
adenoids
alveolus, air sac
bronchial tube
bronchus
bronchiole, small bronchus
carbon dioxide
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COMBINING FORMS
AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
coni/o
 cyan/o
 epiglott/o
 laryng/o
 lob/o
 mediastin/o

Meaning
dust
blue
epiglottis
larynx, voice box
lobe of the lung
mediastinum
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COMBINING FORMS
AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
nas/o
 orth/o
 ox/o
 pector/o
 pharyng/o
 phon/o

Meaning
nose
straight, upright
oxygen
chest
pharynx, throat
voice
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COMBINING FORMS
AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
phren/o
 pleur/o
 pneum/o
 pneumon/o
 pulmon/o
 rhin/o

Meaning
diaphragm
pleura
air, lung
lung
lung
nose
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COMBINING FORMS
AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
sinus/o
 spir/o
 tel/o
 thorac/o
 tonsill/o
 trache/o

Meaning
sinus cavity
breathing
complete
chest
tonsils
trachea, windpipe
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COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND
TERMINOLOGY
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax
condition
smell
breathing
spitting
pulse
pleural cavity, chest
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DIAGNOSTIC TERMS




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


auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rale (crackle)
rhonchus
sputum
stridor
wheeze
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PATHOLOGY
Upper Respiratory Disorders




croup
diphtheria
epistaxis
pertussis
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PATHOLOGY
Bronchial Tube Disorders




asthma
bronchiectasis
chronic bronchitis
cystic fibrosis
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PATHOLOGY
Lung Disorders






atelectasis
emphysema
lung cancer
pneumoconiosis
pneumonia
pulmonary abscess





pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
(PE)
pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
tuberculosis (TB)
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PATHOLOGY
LUNG DISORDERS
Atelectasis
 Two
forms
 Proximal
obstruction of
distal airways
 Accumulations of
fluid, blood, or air
in pleural cavity
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PATHOLOGY
Pleural Disorders
 mesothelioma
 pleural
effusion
 pleurisy (pleuritis)
 pneumothorax
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PATHOLOGY
PLEURAL DISORDERS
Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity
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STUDY SECTION






anthracosis
asbestosis
bacilli
chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
cor pulmonale
exudate







hydrothorax
infiltrate
palliative
paroxysmal
pulmonary infarction
purulent
silicosis
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES

X-rays
 chest
x-ray (CXR)
 computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
 pulmonary angiography
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
X-rays: Radiographic imaging
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
Magnetic waves create images
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES

Radioactive Tests
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the
lung:
 Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of
radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of
different radioactive material for imaging
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Bronchioscopy: Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope
inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis,
biopsy, or collection of specimens
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth
to trachea to establish airway
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES




laryngoscopy
lung biopsy
mediastinoscopy
pulmonary function
tests (PFTs)





thoracotomy
thorascopy
tracheostomy
tuberculin test
tube thoracostomy
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to
remove fluid from pleural space
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CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of opening into
the trachea through
the neck
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adenoid/o
alveol/o
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
capn/o
Meaning
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
adenoid/o
 alveol/o
 bronch/o
 bronchi/o
 bronchiol/o
 capn/o
adenoids
alveolus; air sac; small sac
bronchial tube
bronchial tube
bronchiole
carbon dioxide

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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
coni/o
cyan/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
lob/o
mediastin/o
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
coni/o
 cyan/o
 epiglott/o
 laryng/o
 lob/o
 mediastin/o
dust
blue
epiglottis
larynx (voice box)
lobe
mediastinum

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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
nas/o
orth/o
ox/o
pector/o
pharyng/o
phon/o
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
nas/o
 orth/o
 ox/o
 pector/o
 pharyng/o
 phon/o
nose
straight
oxygen
chest
throat (pharynx)
voice; sound

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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
phren/o
pleur/o
pneum/o
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
rhin/o
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
phren/o
 pleur/o
 pneum/o
 pneumon/o
 pulmon/o
 rhin/o
diaphragm; mind
pleura
lung; air; gas
lung; air; gas
lung
nose

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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
sinus/o
spir/o
tel/o
thorac/o
tonsill/o
trache/o
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
sinus/o
 spir/o
 tel/o
 thorac/o
 tonsill/o
 trache/o
sinus
to breathe
complete
chest
tonsil
trachea (windpipe)

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REVIEW SHEER
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-ema
-osmia
-pnea
-ptysis
-sphyxia
-thorax
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
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REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-ema
 -osmia
 -pnea
 -ptysis
 -sphyxia
 -thorax
condition
smell
breathing
spitting
pulse
chest; pleural cavity

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