Transcript Human factor and flight physiology

LECTURE 1:
HUMAN FACTOR& FLIGHT
PHYSIOLOGY
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
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By end of this session, you will be able to:
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Acquire some basic understanding of Human
Physiology
Able to identify the main function of body
systems that have major role in human factors
Understand how the body and mind can be
affected in flight as well as why they are affected
in flight.
Be knowledgeable about the physiology of the
body in the flight environment.
WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY?
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The study of human systems' integrated functions
and the processes by which they maintain the body
functions.
In other words, the definition of physiology is:
 The study of the functions of the body at the
cellular level.
FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY
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Flight physiology is how the body and mind work in
the flying environment.
It includes
How our organs function
 What keeps them from functioning in a abnormal
environment
 What the pilot can do to protect these functions before and
during flight.
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Flight physiology, therefore, is an integral part of
human factors and safe flight, and it has a direct
effect on human performance.
REMEMBER ! ! ! !
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Knowing flight physiology, being aware of its
effects on performance, and maintaining a high
index of suspicion when performance becomes
poor will continue to make everyone a better and
safer pilot.
Suspicion = a feeling that something is possible
“Prevention is better than cure!”
Why we need to learn Physiology?
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Understanding how our organs function and how
they keep from functioning in unfriendly
environment.
Know how the body should work under ideal and
controllable situations.
Raise the level of awareness.
Take action to avoid unsafe situation or be better
prepared medically.
Continue. . . .
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How to
define
Health
How to
Protect
Health
Goal:
Ensure
Safety
Flight
The Crew must be medically fit for flight!!!
Human Anatomy
Gastrointestinal
(GI) system
Circulatory
system
Musculoskeletal
System
Human
Body
System
Metabolic
System
Respiratory
System
Nervous
System
The Nervous System
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3 components:
Brain (Central Nervous System)
 Spinal Cord
 Peripheral
Nervous System
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Basic function of nervous system
Receive sensory input from internal and external
environments
 Integrate the information
 Respond to stimuli or in other words reaction to the sensory
input.
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Central Nervous System (Brain)
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Core of the nervous system
Control all body function:
 Mental
 Mechanical
 Physiological
1st Part of Brain (Forebrain) (4 lobes)
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Frontal lobes: thoughts, decisions, and
judgments.
Parietal lobes: senses and send
information for processing.
Temporal lobes: Speech center location
and where the brain computes
information (for written and spoken
communications).
Occipital lobes: are where information
from the eyes is processed.
Continue . . .
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2nd part of brain (Midbrain): Hypothalamus,
which produces hormones that affect temperature,
growth, and other physiological activities.
3rd part of brain (hindbrain): The center of
regulation of many of the body’s basic functions,
including breathing, blood pressure, heart rate,
and many others.
Spinal Cord
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Function:
 Transmit
signal between
brain and peripheral
system.
Peripheral Nerves System
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Function: Connect and
transmit signal to
branch of organ from
brain.
Every part of body has
its own nerve.
The Respiratory System
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Function:
 Exchange
of gases between body and its tissue and
the outside ambient air.
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Purpose:
 Add
Oxygen(O2) and remove Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
The Respiratory System
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In the human body, two kinds of respiration take
place.
(1) External respiration.
- Occurs in the lung
- Air is inhaled and exhaled and gases transferred
through the lungs and into bloodstream.
(2) Internal respiration.
-Transport gases to and from body cells and tissues by the
blood and red blood.
External Respiration
Blood Capillary
Phases of Respiration
Breathing in
Active Phase
INHALATION
Breathing out
Passive Phase
EXHALATION
The Lung
Function of Lung: To transport of oxygen to the rest of body.
The process:
Human inhale oxygen (O2) from the outside air into the alveoli
inside the lung. The lung exchange the oxygen O2 and carbon
dioxide(CO2)
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Air enters through
the nose, mouth,
trachea to the
bronchial tree.
Distribute to the
ALVEOLI (air sacs),
where blood
brought with
OXYGEN molecules.
Amount of OXYGEN
from Alveoli into red
blood cells depends
on pressure
gradient.
Internal Respiration
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The processes by which the gases in the air that has
already been drawn into the lungs by external respiration
are exchanged with gases in the blood/tissues so that
carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the blood and
replaced with oxygen (O2).
External & Internal Respiration
The Circulatory System
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Function:
 Carries the blood, transport the oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
product.
*REMEMBER
 Any change in oxygen levels to the cells immediately changes the
performance of many organs, especially the brain
The Circulatory System
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Vascular System
(blood vessels)
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The link between the
heart, lungs, brain, and
other parts
Function: To maintain
blood supply to all
tissues of the body
The Heart
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The heart is an organ
that pumps the blood
through the circulatory
system by contraction
and dilation.
Other Body System
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Musculoskeletal System
 Consist
of bones (skeleton), tendons, muscles.
 Body framework
 Function:
 Bones
– provide support and protection
 Muscles – contract and makes skeleton functional
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Gastrointestinal (GI) system
 Function:
to digest and provide nutrients and fluids
for metabolism into the tissue cells.
 E.g. stomach
Other Body System
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Metabolic System:
 Function:
convert resource into substance, chemicals,
and energy.
 E.g. kidney, liver, bladder
Conclusion
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In order to understand how the physiology of
flight can affect performance, we must have a
basic understanding on how the body work.
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End of Presentation
Q/A Session