Transcript Veretbrates
Reptiles • Class Reptilia • Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises, crocodiles, alligators • Amniotic egg…leathery shell protects water environment inside • Dry, scaly skin prevents water loss Reptiles • Circulation (2 closed systems … pulmonary and systemic) – Heart 3 chambers in snakes and turtles (septum divides ventricles and minimizes blood mixing) – Heart 4 chambers in crocodiles Reptiles • Respiration… lungs divided into lobes…many small sacs (alveoli) greater surface area for respiration. • Brain very well developed, especially cerebrum (front area, controls movement) Reptiles • Thermoregulation – Ectothermic…absorb heat from surrounding, so body temp. is close to surroundings (used to be called cold blooded) • Amphibians and fish are ectotherms, too. Reptiles • Reproduction: – Most oviparous…lay eggs that develop on their own – Some ovoviviparous…keep egg in body to develop and lay close to time of birth – Few viviparous…live birth Reptiles • Class: Chelonia: – Turtles and tortoises • Class Squamata: – Lizards and snakes • Class Rynchocephalia: – Tuatara • Class Crocodilia – Crocodiles, alligators, caimans Class: Chelonia: Turtles and tortoises Class Squamata: Lizards and snakes Class Rynchocephalia: Tuatara Class Crocodilia Crocodiles, alligators, caimans Birds • • • • Class Aves Evolved about 150 million years ago Forelimbs modified to wings Lightweight skeleton (hollow/fused bones) • Closed circulatory system with 4 chambered heart…no mixing of oxygenated/deoxygenated blood…higher metabolism/movement • Large, well developed brain Birds • Endothermic (temp 104 – 106 oF) • Lungs and air sacs • Oviparous (lay eggs) • Feathers (and skin) cover body – Flight, down, contour feathers • Digestive organs include: crop, 2 stomachs (#2…gizzard has stones in it) Order Anseriformes Swans, ducks, geese Order Sterigiformes owls Order Apodiformes hummingbirds Order Psittaciformes Parrots, parakeets, macaws, cockatiels, cockatoos Order Piciformes Woodpeckers, toucans Order Passeriformes Most familiar….robins, wrens, cardinals Order Columbiformes Pigeons, doves Order Ciconiiformes Herons, storks, ibises, egrets, penguins Order Galliformes Turkeys, pheasants, chickens Order Struthioniformes Ostrich, emu, rhea Mammals • Class Mammalia • Evolved 300 million years ago • Hair (and skin) body covering • Endothermic • 4 chambered heart (closed circulatory system) • Females produce milk for young Mammals • Specialized teeth for different jobs • Lungs with alveoli (small sacs like reptiles) • Diaphragm (muscle below ribcage) helps breathe • Brain about 15 times heavier than same sized fish, amphibian or reptile! Mammals • 3 groups of mammals – Monotremes: Oviparous (lay eggs), e.g. duck-billed platypus – Marsupials: viviparous (young born immature, develop inside mother for some time), e.g. opposum, kangaroo – Placental: viviparous (young fed in uterus by placenta), most mammals you think of Order Xenarthra • Anteaters, armadillos, sloths • 30 spp Order Lagomorpha • Rabbits, hares, pika • 70 spp Order Rodentia • Mice, squirrels, chipmunks, rats • Largest Order, over 1800 spp Order Primata • Monkeys, gibbons, apes, humans • 235 spp Order Chiroptera • Bats • 900 spp Order Insectivora • Shrew, hedgehogs, moles • 390 spp Order Carnivora • Dogs, cats, bears, sea lions, otters, seals, hyenas • 274 spp Order Artiodactyla • Deer, cattle, giraffe, pig, camel • Even # toes on hoof • 210 spp Order Perissodactyla • odd # toes on hoof • Horse, rhino, zebra • 17 spp Order Cetacea • Whale, dolphin, porpoise • 90 spp Order Sirenia • Manatee, duogong • 4 spp Order Proboscidea • African and Asian elephants • 2 spp Order Montremata • Lay eggs • Platypus, echidna • 3 spp Order Marsupiala • Have pouches • 280 spp • Opposum, kangaroo, koala bear