Transcript Chapter 6 Cardio & Respiratory

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Chapter 6
Circulation and Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Section 2 Blood
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Section 4 The Respiratory System
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Bellringer
In 2–3 minutes, list as many song titles and lyrics as
you can that contain the word heart. What ideas are
associated with the heart? Why do you think the heart
is part of so many songs?
Write your answers in your science journal.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Objectives
• List the three parts of the cardiovascular system,
and describe their functions.
• Describe how the cardiovascular system helps
perform the body’s life functions.
• Describe the two types of circulation of blood in
the body.
• List four cardiovascular problems.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Your Cardiovascular System
• The cardiovascular system consists of the heart,
blood, and the three types of blood vessels.
• The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and
veins—carry blood pumped by the heart.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
The Heart
• Your heart is an
organ made mostly
of cardiac muscle
tissue. It is about
the size of your fist
and is almost in the
center of your chest
cavity.
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• http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/circ.htm
Circulation Animation
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Human Heart
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Blood Vessels
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away
from the heart and to the body’s organs.
• Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow the
exchange between body cells and blood.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Blood Vessels, continued
• Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to
the heart.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Two Types of Circulation
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from
the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and
veins.
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the
heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Cardiovascular Problems
• Atherosclerosis
happens when
cholesterol builds
up inside of the
blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis is a
major cause of
heart diseases.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
Cardiovascular Problems, continued
• High Blood Pressure Hypertension is abnormally
high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure,
the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure,
kidney disease, and stroke.
• Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack
happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the
heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens
when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet
the body’s needs.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
Bellringer
What does blood do? List as many functions of blood
as you can think of in your science journal. Think
about the following phrase: “Blood is thicker than
water.” Have you ever heard someone use this
phrase? What do you think it means?
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
Objectives
• Identify the functions of blood and its main
components.
• Describe the structure and function of platelets,
red blood cells, and white blood cells.
• Explain how blood pressure is measured.
• Explain what the ABO blood types are and why
they are important.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?
• Blood is a connective tissue that carries gases,
nutrients, and wastes through the body.
• Plasma is the fluid part of blood. It is a mixture of
water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and
other substances.
• Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red blood
cells (RBCs). RBCs take oxygen to every cell in
your body.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
• Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bone
marrow. When you cut yourself, platelets help
blood clot.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) help keep you
healthy by destroying pathogens and by cleaning
wounds.
• WBCs also destroy body cells that have died or
been damaged.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
Body Temperature Regulation
• Your blood does more than supply your cells with
oxygen and nutrients. It also helps regulate your body
temperature.
Blood Pressure
• The force exerted by blood on the inside walls of
arteries is called blood pressure.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types
• Every person has one of four
blood types: A, B, AB, or O.
Your blood type refers to the
type of antigens you have on
the surface of your RBCs.
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types and Transfusions
• A transfusion is the injection of blood or blood
components into a person to replace blood that
has been lost. Blood type is an important
consideration of a blood transfusion.
Type
Can receive
Can donate to
A
B
AB
A, O
B, O
all
A, AB
B, AB
AB only
O
O
all
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Circulation Vocabulary games for
review:
http://www.quia.com/jg/862164.html
http://www.quia.com/cb/163446.html
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Bellringer
Do you know anyone who has had his or her tonsils
removed? Do you know what tonsils do or where they
are located in the body? If so, write a few sentences
explaining their function. If you don’t know what the
tonsils are for, make an educated guess about their
role in the body.
Write your response in your science journal.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Objectives
• Describe the function of the lymphatic system and its
relationship to the cardiovascular system.
• Identify the six components of the lymphatic system,
and describe their functions.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Vessels of the
Lymphatic System
• The lymphatic system
is the group of organs
and tissues that collects
excess fluid and returns
it to your blood.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Vessels of the Lymphatic System, continued
• The smallest vessels of the lymphatic system are
lymph capillaries. The fluid and particles absorbed
into lymph capillaries are called lymph.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System
• Bone Marrow is the soft tissue inside of bones.
Bone marrow is where most red and white blood
cells, including lymphocytes, are produced.
• Lymph Nodes are small, bean-shaped masses of
tissue that remove pathogens and dead cells from
the lymph.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System,
continued
• The thymus is the main gland of the lymphatic
system. It produces T cells that are ready to fight
infection.
• Your spleen is the largest lymphatic organ. The
spleen stores and produces lymphocytes.
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Other Parts of the Lymphatic System,
continued
• Tonsils are lymphatic
tissue in the nasal
cavity and at the back
of the mouth on either
side of the tongue.
Tonsils help defend
the body against
infection.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Bellringer
Explain whether the following statements are true
or false:
1) Breathing and respiration are the same thing.
2) The nose is the primary opening into and out of
the respiratory system.
3) The vocal cords are located in the trachea.
Record your answers in your science journal.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Objectives
• Describe the structure and function of the respiratory
system.
• Explain how breathing happens.
• Discuss the relationship between the respiratory
system and the cardiovascular system.
• Identify two respiratory disorders.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System
• Respiration is the process by which a body gets
and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and
water. Breathing is only one part of respiration.
• The second part of respiration is cellular respiration,
which involves chemical reactions that release
energy from food.
• The respiratory system is the group of organs that
take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
• Nose, Pharynx, and
Larynx Your nose is
the main passageway
into and out of the
respiratory system.
From the nose, air
flows into the pharynx,
or throat. The larynx is
the part of the throat
that contains the vocal
cords.
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• http://www.smm.org/heart/lungs/breathing.htm
Respiration Animation
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
• Trachea The trachea, or windpipe, is the large
tube connecting the larynx to the lungs.
• Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two
branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to
each lung. In the lungs, each bronchus branches
into bronchioles, which branch to form thousands of
tiny sacs called alveoli.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System,
continued
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Breathing
• Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath
the lungs.
Breathing and Cellular Respiration
• In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells to
release energy stored in molecules of glucose.
When you inhale, you take in oxygen, which diffuses
into red blood cells and is carried to tissue cells.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing
the Esc key.
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiratory Disorders
• Respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema,
and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
• Asthma causes the bronchioles to narrow. An
asthma attack may be triggered by irritants such as
dust or pollen.
• SARS is caused by a virus.
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Chapter 6
Circulation and Respiration
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on
the next slide.
arteries
cardiovascular system
bronchi
alveoli
capillaries
respiratory system
cellular respiration
blood
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Chapter 6
Circulation and Respiration
Concept Mapping,
continued
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Chapter 6
Circulation and Respiration
Concept Mapping,
continued
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End of Chapter 6 Show
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Chapter 6
Standardized Test Preparation
FCAT
For the following questions, write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
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Chapter 6
Standardized Test Preparation
1. The basic level of structural organization in living
things is the cell. Cells with similar function and
structure work together to form tissues. Tissues
that work together form organs, and groups of
organs form organ systems. These different levels
of structural organization help support the
organism.
Continued on the next slide
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1. Which of the following parts of the human
lymphatic system belongs to the highest level of
structural organization?
A. lymph, which is made up of fluid and particles
B. spleen, which is made up of different kinds of
tissues
C. lymphocytes, which are cells that help fight
infections
D. tonsil cells, which help fight pathogens
entering the body through the mouth
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Standardized Test Preparation
1. Which of the following parts of the human
lymphatic system belongs to the highest level of
structural organization?
A. lymph, which is made up of fluid and particles
B. spleen, which is made up of different kinds of
tissues
C. lymphocytes, which are cells that help fight
infections
D. tonsil cells, which help fight pathogens
entering the body through the mouth
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Chapter 6
Standardized Test Preparation
2. In humans, special receptors in the brain and in
the arteries in the neck monitor the levels of CO2
in blood. The brain uses this information to adjust
the breathing rate and depth to maintain the right
levels of CO2 in the body.
Continued on the next slide
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2. Which of the following would happen if the CO2 in
blood was not being removed from the body
quickly enough?
F. Cells in the body will start taking up CO2.
G. Cells in the body will start to reduce the
amount of CO2 they make.
H. Breathing would become shallower and
slower to breakdown the CO2.
I. Breathing would become deeper and faster to
get rid of CO2 from the body.
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2. Which of the following would happen if the CO2 in
blood was not being removed from the body
quickly enough?
F. Cells in the body will start taking up CO2.
G. Cells in the body will start to reduce the
amount of CO2 they make.
H. Breathing would become shallower and
slower to breakdown the CO2.
I. Breathing would become deeper and faster to
get rid of CO2 from the body.
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3. Angelina went to the doctor because she felt very
sick. The doctor took a sample of her blood and
found that she has many more white blood cells
than normal. What other symptoms could the
doctor check for to see if Angelina has an
infection?
A. swollen lymph nodes
B. enlarged veins and arteries
C. more red blood cells than normal
D. blood clots forming from platelets
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3. Angelina went to the doctor because she felt very
sick. The doctor took a sample of her blood and
found that she has many more white blood cells
than normal. What other symptoms could the
doctor check for to see if Angelina has an
infection?
A. swollen lymph nodes
B. enlarged veins and arteries
C. more red blood cells than normal
D. blood clots forming from platelets
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4. White blood cells (WBCs) are cells that are
specialized to fight disease-causing agents or
pathogens that get into the body. Different kinds of
WBCs destroy pathogens in different ways. Some
WBCs engulf the pathogen and then break it down.
Other WBCs make antibodies. Antibodies are
special chemicals that will attach themselves to the
pathogen. Antibodies help identify the pathogen for
destruction.
Continued on the next slide
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Question 4, continued
4. What can you infer about WBCs with this
information?
F. that different kinds of WBCs have similar
structures
G. that different kinds of WBCs can become
pathogens
H. that different kinds of WBCs have different
structures
I. that some kinds of WBCs are not as effective
as others
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Question 4, continued
4. What can you infer about WBCs with this
information?
F. that different kinds of WBCs have similar
structures
G. that different kinds of WBCs can become
pathogens
H. that different kinds of WBCs have different
structures
I. that some kinds of WBCs are not as effective
as others
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5. Anthony is studying how breathing helps provide
the body with oxygen. He has decided to make a
flow chart that shows how oxygen is taken into the
body and used by cells to release energy from
food. A picture of his flow chart is shown below.
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5. (continued)
Identify and describe the process that occurs at the
missing step in his flow chart.
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5. (continued)
Identify and describe the process that occurs at the
missing step in his flow chart.
Oxygen moves into the blood and is transported
throughout the body.
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6. The cardiovascular system
is divided into two kinds of
circulation as shown in the
diagram. Which kind of
circulation provides the cells
of the body with oxygen and
through which vessels
does the blood travel in
this circulation?
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6. The cardiovascular system
is divided into two kinds of
circulation as shown in the
diagram. Which kind of
circulation provides the cells
of the body with oxygen and
through which vessels does
the blood travel in this circulation?
Systemic circulation. In the systemic circulation, blood
travels from the heart through arteries, capillaries, and
veins before returning to the heart.
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
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Chapter 6
Section 1 The Cardiovascular
System
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
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Chapter 6
Section 2 Blood
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
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Chapter 6
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
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Chapter 6
Section 4 The Respiratory System
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