Transcript ls holt fish ch. 30

FISH
HOLT CH. 30
PG. 726-738
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH
ENDOSKELETON
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH
ENDOSKELETON
GILLS
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH
ENDOSKELETON
GILLS
CLOSED-LOOP CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH
ENDOSKELETON
GILLS
CLOSED-LOOP CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
KIDNEYS
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE

ENDOSKELETON-internal skeletonmuscles attach
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE
ENDOSKELETON-internal skeletonmuscles attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE
ENDOSKELETON-internal skeletonmuscles attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER


Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb
rapidly)
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE
ENDOSKELETON-internal skeletonmuscles attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER

Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb
rapidly)
 Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in
water-gas sac

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE
ENDOSKELETON-internal skeletonmuscles attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER

Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb
rapidly)
 Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in
water-gas sac


SENSORY ORGANS

NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE

ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles
attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER



Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly)
Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas
sac
SENSORY ORGANS


NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe
EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE

ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles
attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER



Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly)
Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas
sac
SENSORY ORGANS



NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe
EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe
TASTE-tongue, skin
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE

ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles
attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER



Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly)
Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas
sac
SENSORY ORGANS




NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe
EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe
TASTE-tongue, skin
EARS-AUDITORY nerve
MOVEMENT/RESPONSE

ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles
attach
 FINS AND SWIM BLADDER



Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly)
Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas
sac
SENSORY ORGANS





NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe
EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe
TASTE-tongue, skin
EARS-AUDITORY nerve
LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)

OPERCULUM-gill cover
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)


OPERCULUM-gill cover
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW-
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)


OPERCULUM-gill cover
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW
Water passes over gills in one direction,
blood flows opposite direction (85% of
dissolved O2 passes over gills)
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)


COUNTERCURRENT FLOW

OPERCULUM-gill cover
Water passes over gills in one direction,
blood flows opposite direction (85% of
dissolved O2 passes over gills)
SINGLE LOOP BLOOD CIRCULATION
RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION

Get oxygen from water (GILLS)


COUNTERCURRENT FLOW

OPERCULUM-gill cover
Water passes over gills in one direction,
blood flows opposite direction (85% of
dissolved O2 passes over gills)
SINGLE LOOP BLOOD CIRCULATION

Blood->gills->heart (atrium then ventricle)>pumped body->gills
EXCRETION

Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE
EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE

Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE
Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
 Excess salt pumped out through gills

EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE
Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
 Excess salt pumped out through gills
 FRESH water fish have more salt in
TISSUES than water-take in salt from
environment

EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE
Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
 Excess salt pumped out through gills
 FRESH water fish have more salt in
TISSUES than water-take in salt from
environment
 Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water

EXCRETION
Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of
body is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE
Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
 Excess salt pumped out through gills
 FRESH water fish have more salt in
TISSUES than water-take in salt from
environment
 Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water


KIDNEYS-
EXCRETION

Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body
is water)
 SALT/WATER BALANCE




Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
Excess salt pumped out through gills
FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than
water-take in salt from environment
Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water
KIDNEYS
Maintain salt and water balance
EXCRETION


Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water)
SALT/WATER BALANCE




Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue
Excess salt pumped out through gills
FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take
in salt from environment
Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water
KIDNEYS


Maintain salt and water balance
Removes wastes from blood
Excess water leave in form of urine
REPRODUCTION

Most reproduce sexually and externally
*SPAWNING*
REPRODUCTION
Most reproduce sexually and externally
*SPAWNING*
 Usually spawn in large groups (schools)

REPRODUCTION
Most reproduce sexually and externally
*SPAWNING*
 Usually spawn in large groups (schools)
 INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks,
and rays.

REPRODUCTION
Most reproduce sexually and externally
*SPAWNING*
 Usually spawn in large groups (schools)
 INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks,
and rays.


CLASPERS-male organ used to grasp
female
REPRODUCTION
Most reproduce sexually and externally
*SPAWNING*
 Usually spawn in large groups (schools)
 INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks,
and rays.

CLASPERS-male organ used to grasp
female
 Eggs develop inside, born live

GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups
GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups

Jawless fish
GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups
Jawless fish
 Cartilagenous fish

GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups
Jawless fish
 Cartilagenous fish
 Bony fish

GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups
Jawless fish
 Cartilagenous fish
 Bony fish


JAWLESS (AGNATHA)

Skeletons of CARTILAGE
GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups
Jawless fish
 Cartilagenous fish
 Bony fish


JAWLESS (AGNATHA)
Skeletons of CARTILAGE
 Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no
spinal cord/spine)

GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups




Jawless fish
Cartilagenous fish
Bony fish
JAWLESS (AGNATHA)



Skeletons of CARTILAGE
Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no spinal
cord/spine)
HAGFISH-scavengers/predators- deep in ocean,
create slime/tie into knots
GROUPS OF FISH

3 main groups




Jawless fish
Cartilagenous fish
Bony fish
JAWLESS (AGNATHA)




Skeletons of CARTILAGE
Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no spinal
cord/spine)
HAGFISH-scavengers/predators- deep in ocean,
create slime/tie into knots
LAMPREY-parasites, suction mouth
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
NURSE SHARK
(notice gill slits)
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

paired fins and jaws
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
paired fins and jaws
 Skeletons of CARTILAGE

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
paired fins and jaws
 Skeletons of CARTILAGE
 Cartilage strengthened by calcium
carbonate

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
paired fins and jaws
 Skeletons of CARTILAGE
 Cartilage strengthened by calcium
carbonate
 SHARKS

STREAMLINED-move through water fast
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
paired fins and jaws
 Skeletons of CARTILAGE
 Cartilage strengthened by calcium
carbonate
 SHARKS
STREAMLINED-move through water fast
 TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES)

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH
paired fins and jaws
 Skeletons of CARTILAGE
 Cartilage strengthened by calcium
carbonate
 SHARKS
STREAMLINED-move through water fast
 TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES)
 TEETH are modified scales (6-10 ROWS,
20,000 in life time)

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGINOUS FISH




paired fins and jaws
Skeletons of CARTILAGE
Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate
SHARKS



STREAMLINED-move through water fast
TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES)
TEETH are modified scales (6-10 ROWS, 20,000 in life
time)
Largest sharks (whale shark) eat PLANKTON, most others
are predators
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS

Flat bodies
DIAMOND STINGRAY
BIG SKATE
MANTA RAY
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
Flat bodies
 Life on sea floor

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
Flat bodies
 Life on sea floor
 Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
Flat bodies
 Life on sea floor
 Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
 Some discharge electrical charge

GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
Flat bodies
 Life on sea floor
 Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
 Some discharge electrical charge


BONY FISH
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS
Flat bodies
 Life on sea floor
 Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
 Some discharge electrical charge


BONY FISH

24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if
cartilage and jawless COMBINED)
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH


24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and
jawless COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and
jawless COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and
jawless COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and
jawless COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH

Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless
COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH


Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS
96% of fish
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless
COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH



Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS
96% of fish
LOBE-FINNED FISH

COELOCANTH (PG. 738)
COELACANTH
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless
COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH



Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS
96% of fish
LOBE-FINNED FISH


COELOCANTH (PG. 738)
Fleshy fins
GROUPS OF FISH

CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

SKATES/RAYS





Flat bodies
Life on sea floor
Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)
Some discharge electrical charge
BONY FISH



24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED)
One of most successful vertebrates
Bone endoskeleton

RAY-FINNED FISH



LOBE-FINNED FISH




Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS
96% of fish
COELOCANTH (PG. 738)
Fleshy fins
Direct ancestors of amphibians and land vertebrates
LUNG FISH
LUNGFISH
LUNGFISH