Transcript Cellular Respiration

Function
• The respiratory system exchanges
gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with
the cardiovascular system.
2 types of Respiration
• Pulmonary Respiration – the exchange
of gases between the atmosphere and
the blood in pulmonary capillaries
• Cellular Respiration – the exchange of
gases between the blood in systemic
capillaries and the cells of the body.
– This term also applies to the chemical
reaction that creates energy for the cell
Pathway of Air
1. Nasal Cavity- air is filtered,
warmed and moistened.
2. Air passes into the pharynx
3. Air moves past the epiglottis,
which is a flap of cartilage that
prevents food from entering the
air passage
4. Air moves into the trachea, a
cartilaginous tube known as the
windpipe.
Upper Respiratory Tract
Review
Pathway of Air
5. The top of the trachea
contains the larynx (the
voice box)
6. The trachea branches into
two bronchi, which lead to
the lungs
7. The bronchi continue to
branch into smaller tubes
called bronchioles.
8. These end in clusters of tiny
air sacs called alveoli, that
are surrounded by a network
of capillaries
Lets Review!!!!
Location of Gas Exchange
• Gas is exchanged between the alveoli
and the blood in the capillaries by the
process of diffusion.
• Oxygen, which will be taken to the
body, moves into the blood and carbon
dioxide waste is moved into the alveoli,
and removed from the body.
Oxygen to your Tissues
• Oxygen from the air moves through the
process of diffusion from the alveoli into
the blood.
• Oxygen in the blood of systemic
circulation then diffuses into tissue.
Breathing
• Breathing is the moving of air into and out of
the lungs.
Inspiration – taking air into the lungs
a. Your chest expands as muscles contract
moving ribs up and outward
b. Your diaphragm, a large muscle, flattens and
pushes down
c. Pressure changes in the lungs and air from
the atmosphere move in
Expiration – releasing air from the lungs
a. Diaphragm and ribs relax
b. Lungs recoil and deflate
c. Air pressure changes in lungs and pushes the
air out of the lungs
The Respiratory System
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
• The process that cells use to break
down glucose to release energy in the
presence of Oxygen (O2)
• Energy in the cell is available in the
form of certain compounds, such as
ATP - (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Overview:
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Glycolysis
O2 present
O2 absent
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic pathway
i) Krebs Cycle
ii) Electron transport
chain
(Lactic acid fermentation
or
Alcohol fermentation)
2 stages of Cellular Respiration
1.
Glycolysis
– Glucose (a six carbon sugar) is broken down
into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules
– Requires 2 ATP molecules
– Creates 4 ATP molecules and 2 NADPH
molecules for the electron transport chain
2. Aerobic Respiration
i) Kreb’s Cycle
• pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make
CO2, NADH, ATP, and FADH2
• Occurs in the mitochondria
• The end energy tally from 1 Glucose (2
pyruvic acids) is:
– 6 NADH
– 2 FADH2
– 2 ATP
ii) Electron Transport
• The high energy electrons from the Kreb’s
Cycle are passed along a series of proteins in
the mitochondrial membrane.
• As electrons pass along the electron transport chain,
protons are pumped into the space between the inner
and outer mitochondrial membranes.
• This creates a concentration and charge gradient.
• As protons move back down the concentration
gradient, ATP is produced
Cellular Respiration of
1 Glucose molecule
Glycolysis
=
6 ATP
Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
=
30 ATP
Grand Total of 36 ATP
from 1 Glucose!
molecules
If O2 is NOT present:
• Fermentation occurs (anaerobic
respiration meaning that oxygen is not
required)
• Two types of fermentation:
– Alcoholic Fermentation
– Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Used by yeast and a few other
microorganisms.
• Produces Ethyl Alcohol and CO2 as wastes.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH
Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Produced in many cells including your
muscles.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH
Lactic Acid + NAD+
Lactic Acid is produced during rapid exercise, causing a
painful, burning sensation. This effect is reduced with
potassium.
Review
When oxygen is present most of the ATP
made in cellular respiration is produced
by:
A. aerobic respiration
B. glycolysis
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. lactic acid fermentation
Review
When oxygen is not present most the ATP
made by cellular respiration in muscles
is produced by:
A. aerobic respiration
B. glycolysis
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. lactic acid fermentation
Review
Which of the following is not a reactant in
Cellular Respiration?
A. Glucose
B. Water
C. Oxygen
Review
How does Cellular Respiration fit in to the
“flow of energy” that we studied in our
Ecology Unit?
Review
What body systems are used to get the
reactants of cellular Respiration to every
cell?