Transcript Birds - MUGAN`S BIOLOGY PAGE

Birds
By:Lindsay Hotze and Dani Demuth
Habitat
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Polar regions
Tropics
Forests
Deserts
Cities
Grasslands
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Farmlands
Mountain tops
Islands
Caves
Near water
Food Sources
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Small animals
Vegetables
Nectar
Fruit
Insects
Seeds
Importance
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Presence tells whether all is well or something is
wrong
Shows biological importance of an area
Indicates whether food is available
Can indicate pollution
Watch Me!!
What makes birds unique?
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Feathers
Constructed from keratin
Provide a light, flexible,
insulating layer to maintain
birds’ body temperature of
107.6°F
Assist in flight
Colors and shapes of
feathers are forms of visual
communication
Skeletal System
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Hollow bones filled with air
sacs
Rigid skeleton
Strong enough for flight due
to fusion of bones
Light and compact for low
take off weight and good
power to weight ratio
Light round skull with a
toothless beak covered in
horny plates
Respiration
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Can breathe through mouth and nostrils very rapidly
Air moves in one direction through lungs, which is what
makes it different from all other respiratory systems
Unidirectional air way important because the muscles need
a constant oxygen supply so they can produce enough
energy to fly
Usually fresh air with high oxygen content
Deliver oxygen from air to tissues and removes carbon
dioxide
Makes more oxygen available to be diffused
Plays role in thermoregulation
Reproduction
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Click me !
Sexes differ in appearance
Single breeding season
Internal fertilization
cloaca-the common cavity into
which the intestinal, urinary,
and generative canals open in
birds
Lay eggs into a nest to keep
incubated and warm
Babies remain in nest for
several months
Nervous System
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Similar to humans
Made up of brain, spinal cord, and nerves
These transmit messages to and from the brain
Circulatory System
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Consists of a four chambered
heart and blood vessels
Main blood vessels are arteries
and veins
Works extremely fast to keep up
with oxygen flow
-Ex: human heart-60 beats
per minute
humming bird heart1,000 beats per
minute
Excretory System
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Nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood
by the kidney, they are then converted into uric
acid and are deposited in the cloaca.
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Water is then reabsorbed causing uric acid
crystals to precipitate and form the whitishsemisolid paste.
Digestive System
Click me !
Examples
Australian King Parrot
Cardinal
Blue-Footed Boobie
Great Tit
Peacock
Taxonomy
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Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Aves
Order-23 orders (most common passeriformes
otherwise known as perching birds)
9,700 species
How do birds fly?
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Flight Clips
Adaptations
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Longer legs for walking
birds like ostriches
In penguins, wings
adapted to become like
underwater paddles
Birds of prey have long
beaks and talons to
increase hunting abilities
Endotherms
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Endotherms means birds are warm blooded animals
Body temperature stays the same even if surrounding
temperatures are higher or lower
Works Cited
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"Avian Respiration." Bird Respiration System. 2 Apr 2008
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdrespiration.html
"Birds, Feathered Conquerors of the Air". Animals: Birds Volume Two. New York, New York:
Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1999.
Miller, Kenneth, and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice
Hall, 1998.
"Noah's Ark Zoo Farm, Wraxall, Bristol, Somerset". Noah's Ark Zoo Farm. April 4, 2008
http://www.noahsarkzoofarm.co.uk
Noll, Paul. "Bird Skeleton." 2 Apr 2008 http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/
Peace, "Birds Anatomy (Conure)." 19 Aug 2007. Let Peace Inspire You. 2 Apr 2008
<http://www.peaceinspire.com/2007/08/19/birds-anatomy-conure/>.
Peterson, Roger Tory. The Birds, by Tory Peterson and the editors of Life. New York: New
York,Time inc, 1963.
Prum, Richard O. "Bird." World Book Online Reference Center. 2008. [Place of access.] 2 April
2008. http://www.worldbookonline.com
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Ramel, Gordon. "The Taxonomy of Birds." 7 Jan 2008. Earth-Life Web Productions. 4 Apr 2008
<http://www.earthlife.net>.
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Smith, Edmund. "The importance of birds to the environment." Nov 2001. Okrala. 2 Apr 2008
<http://www.premioreportaje.org>