Transcript kinds of worms - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

How are worms
different?
3 KINDS OF WORMS
Some free living and some parasites in every group
ALL WORMS ARE:
INVERTEBRATES
no backbone
PROTOSTOMES
blastopore becomes MOUTH
COELOMS:
Flatworms = acoelomates
Round worms = Pseudocoelomates
Segmented worms = Eucoelomates
FLATWORMS
PLANARIA
TAPEWORMS
FLUKES
FLATWORMS
Planaria
(Cross-eyed worms)
RESPIRATORY
Breathe through their skin
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY
Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
NERVOUS
2 cerebral ganglia/2 nerve cords
EXCRETORY
Flame cells remove nitrogen waste
through skin
MOUTH in middle on
VENTRAL SURFACE
REPRODUCTION
SEXUALHERMAPHRODITES
but trade sperm with a
partner
ASEXUALcan use regeneration to
grow a new organism
from parts
FLATWORMS
PLANARIA
• Free living
• Digestive cavity with one opening/mouth in middle of
body
• Open circulatory system (shared Gastrovascular cavity)
• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water
• Cephalization-Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
(Can also do asexual reproduction using regeneration)
• Eye spots sense light and dark
• NO tegument or cuticle
FLATWORMS
FLUKES
PARASITIC
Covered by TEGUMENT
(made of fused cells) for
protection from host
immune system
DIGESTIVE/CIRCULATORY
shared GASTROVASCULAR cavity
similar to Planaria
MOUTH at anterior end
NOT middle of body
SUCKERS (anterior and
ventral) help it hold on
and suck blood
NERVOUS
CEPHALIZATION
Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY
Flame cells remove nitrogen waste &
regulate water
FLUKES
REPRODUCTIVE
Most hermaphrodites
Few have separate sexes
(EX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma)
Complicated life cycle with 2 hosts
EX: Blood fluke-Schistosoma
Adults live in human
Larva live in snails
FLATWORMS
FLUKES
• Gastrovascular cavity with one opening /mouth at anterior end
• Open circulatory system (shared with Gastrovascular cavity)
• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
and excess water
• Breathe through skin
• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
• NO Eyes
• Parasitic with 2 suckers (anterior & ventral) for attaching to host
• Requires 2 hosts to complete life cycle
• TEGUMENT for protection from host immune system
FLATWORMS
TAPEWORMS
DIGESTIVE
No mouth or digestive organs
Absorbs nutrients through its tegument
EXCRETORY
Flame cells remove nitrogen waste
NERVOUS
2 cerebral ganglia/ 2 nerve cords
Cephalization
No eyes
TEGUMENT (made of fused cells)
protects from host digestive enzymes
and immune system
SCOLEX
with hooks and suckers
at anterior end to help
worm attach and hold on
TAPEWORMS
REPRODUCTIVE
• Hermaphroditescan fertilize self or trade
sperm with other worms
• Grow by adding
PROGLOTTIDS
which contain both male
and female reproductive
organs
30 foot worm can
have 2000 proglottids
REPRODUCTION
COMPLICATED LIFE CYCLES
need 2 hosts to complete life cycle
EX: BEEF TAPEWORM
Adults feed and reproduce in humans
larva make cysts in cow
FLATWORMS
TAPEWORMS
• NO MOUTH or ANUS or digestive system
nutrients absorbed through tegument
• Breathe through skin
• Flame cells for excreting nitrogen waste
• 2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No Eyes
• Parasitic
with hooks & suckers (scolex) for attachment in host
• Tegument for protection from host immune system and digestive
juices
• Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction
Use PROGLOTTIDS to reproduce
Complicated life cycle with 2 hosts
3 KINDS OF WORMS
ALL FLAT WORMS
Digestive system with less than 2 openings (one or none)
• Open circulatory system
• Breathe through skin
• FLAME CELLS for excreting nitrogen waste and
excess water
• Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
• Most HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction
• If parasites need 2 different hosts to complete life cycle
• NO CUTICLE for protection
(Has TEGUMENT or NOTHING)
ROUND WORMS
Ascaris
Trichinella
Hookworms
Pinworms
Filarial worms
Soy bean cyst
DIGESTIVE
Complete disgestive system with
MOUTH and ANUS
Parasitic ones have
biting mouth parts
to hang onto host
NERVOUS
CEPHALIZATION
Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords
No eyes
EXCRETORY
Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY
Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY
exchange gases through skin
CIRCULATORY
Open circulation like flatworms
REPRODUCTIVE
SEPARATE SEXES (males & females)
Life cycle does NOT
require 2 different hosts
ROUND WORMS
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Complete digestive system with 2 openings
Open circulatory system
Breathe through skin
Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste and excess water
Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 2 nerve cords/ NO Eyes
SEPARATE SEXES with sexual reproduction
Parasites have teeth but NO suckers for attaching to host
DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life cycle
CUTICLE for protection from host immune system
SEGMENTED WORMS
Earthworms
Leeches
NERVOUS
CEPHALIZATION
Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
No eyes
EXCRETORY
Nephridia remove nitrogen waste
INTEGUMENTARY
Covered with non-cellular CUTICLE for
protection
RESPIRATORY
exchange gases through skin
SEGMENTED WORMS
CIRCULATORY
CLOSED circulation (blood in vessels)
REPRODUCTIVE
HERMAPHRODITES- exchange sperm with partner
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SEGMENTED WORMS
Complete digestive system with 2 openings
CLOSED circulatory system
Breathe through skin
Nephridia for excreting nitrogen waste
Cephalization –2 Cerebral ganglia with 1 nerve cord
NO Eyes
HERMAPHRODITES with sexual reproduction
Parasites have suckers for attaching to host
DO NOT Require 2 different hosts to complete life
cycle
CUTICLE for protection