Transcript 3rd Nine Weeks Review

3rd Nine Weeks Review
Chapter 8
1. Write the equation for
photosynthesis. Circle the
reactants. Put a square around
the products.
2. Define an autotroph.
• An organism that produces its own
food.
3. Define a heterotroph.
• An organism that needs other organisms
for food
4. What type of reaction is
photosynthesis?
• endergonic
5. Why are leaves flat?
• So sunlight can penetrate the
photosynthetic material
Chapter 9
6. Describe glycolysis.
• The first step in releasing the energy of
glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is
broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
7. What is the relationship of
glucose in photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
• Photosynthesis makes glucose and
cellular respiration uses it for energy
Oxygen
8. _______________ is the final
electron acceptor in the electron
transport chain.
9. Which requires energy, active
transport, osmosis, glycolysis,
or phagocytosis?
• All except osmosis
Chapter 19
10. Define prokaryote.
• A cell without a nucleus
11. Draw and label a T4
bacteriophage.
Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
13. AIDS is a retrovirus. What
is a retrovirus?
• A virus that has RNA as its genetic
information
14. How do you prevent spread
of viruses?
• Prevention
– Using vaccines
15. What instrument would you
use to see a virus?
• Because they are so small, an electron
microscope is needed
16. Evaluate the medical and
economic importance of viruses.
Be sure to list some diseases
caused by viruses.
• Possibly used for gene therapy
• Diseases
– Chicken pox
– polio
17. List the two bacteria kingdoms.
Describe the characteristics of
each kingdom
• Archaebacteria
– Do not contain peptidoglycan
– Like harsh environments
• Eubacteria
– Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
– larger
18. Label the bacteria.
flagellum
DNA
peptidoglycan
Cell wall
Pili
ribosomes
Cell
membrane
19. List and describe the
shapes of bacteria.
• Bacilli-rod shaped
• Cocci-sphere or round shaped
• Spirilla-spiral shaped
20. State the four parts of the
Germ Theory. What is the
relationship to our current
knowledge?
• 1. The microorganism can be found in the diseased
animal.
2. The microorganism can be isolated from the
diseased animal and grown in the lab.
3. The cultured microorganism will cause the
disease when put in a healthy susceptible animal.
4. The same microorganism can be isolated from the
newly infected animal.
21. What are vaccines? How do
they work?
• A preparation of weakened or killed
pathogen
• Prompts the body to produce immunity to
the pathagen
22. Which bacteria works
symbiotically to us in our
intestines? What is meant by
symbiosis?
• E coli
• Relationship in which two organisms live
closely together
23. What is a parasite?
• Where one organism lives in or on another
24. How do bacteria make yogurt
and cheese?
• By going through a fermentation process
25. How do bacteria become
resistant to antibiotics?
• Because they use conjugation as a means
of reproduction, they can take on the
characteristics of other bacteria that are
resistant
26. How are bacteria economically
important to us?
• Foods- yogurts, cheeses
• Medicine-vaccines,
• Agriculture- nitrogen fixation, decompose
dead matter
Chapter 20
27. What is a fungi? How do they
function in their environment?
• Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell
walls
• As decomposers, as parasites,
29. How are fungi different from
plants?
• They don’t make their own food
• Cell wall of chitin
• Not photosynthetic
30. Describe how yeast
reproduces.
• By budding
– Which is an outgrowth of the organism
Chapter 21
Protists
31. Draw and label an Amoeba,
Euglena, and a Paramecium
32. What does a contractile
vacuole do?
• Regulates the flow of water in an out of the
organism
33. Which protist is animal like, and
why are they classified as such?
• Ameoba
• Paramecium
• Plasmodium
– They are heterotrophs and move about
34. Which protists are plantlike?
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Euglena
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Algae
35. Which protist is fungus like?
• Water mold
• Slime mold
36. Which protist causes red tide?
• Dinoflagellates
37. List four diseases caused by
protist. How are they passed to
humans?
• Malaria-by the Plasmodium carried by the
mosquito
• African Sleeping Sickness- by the Trypanasoma
carried by the tse tse fly
• Amebic dysentary- carried by the Giarda that is in
water
• Toxoplasmosis (toxo) is an infection caused by a
single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.
38. Explain alternation of
generation.
• Where an organisms switches from
haploid to diploid in its life process
39. An Euglena can function as a
Heterotroph
______________
in the absence
of sunlight
Chapter 26-28
40. Define the three types of
symmetry.
• Asymmetrical-not identical on both sides
of a central line (Dictionary)
• Bilateral-single imaginary line divides it in
half
• Radial- have body parts that repeat
around the center
41. Name the 8 phyla of
invertebrates and give an example
of each.
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Porifera-sponges
Cnidaria-jellyfish
Platyhelminthes(flatworm)-planaria
Nematoda-hookworm
Annelida-earthworm
Mollusks-clam
Arthropod-insects
Echinoderms-starfish
42. What is meant by sessile?
• Attached or fixed; not moving
43. What is meant by motile?
• Moving or having the power to move
44. Define exoskeleton.
• Tough external covering that protects
and supports the body of many
invertebrates
45. Define hermaphrodite.
• Individual that has both male and
female parts
46. Describe how mollusks and
crustaceans carry out gas
exchange.
• Gills are used to exchange gases. This is
done by a diffusion type process
47. List two common structures
for respiration in invertebrates.
• Gills
• Skin
48. What are the characteristics
of mammals?
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Hair
Mammary glands
Breathe air
4 chambered heart
endotherms
49. Describe a closed circulatory
system.
• In a closed circulatory system, blood is
contained within a network of blood
vessels.
50. Define endothermic.
• Animal that generates its own body
heat
51. Define ectothermic.
• Animals that rely on their environment
to help control body heat
52. Why do amphibians need
water?
• To carry out reproduction
• To aid in respiration
53. Define monotremes,
marsupials, and placental animals.
• Monotremes-egg laying mammals
• Marsupials-animals that bear live
young that usually complete their
development in a pouch
• Placental animals-nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, ands wastes are
exchanged between the embryo and
the mother through a placenta
54. What is a cloaca and what is its
relationship to some animals?
• The opening to the outside of some
animals.
• Used to eliminate waste and to carry out
reproduction
Review from
st
1
Semester
55. List and describe the process of
scientific method.
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Ask a question
Make a hypothesis
Conduct an experiment
Collect data
Analyze information
Report results
56. What are lipids?
• Compounds made from carbon and
hydrogen, include fats, oils, waxes.
57. What are proteins?
Macromoles that contain nitrogen as well as
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Made up
of amino acids.
58. What is binomial
nomenclature?
• A two part naming system, includes the
Genus and species
59. List the hierarchy of
classification?
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
60. Define artificial selection.
• Selection by humans for breeding of useful
traits from the natural variation among
different organisms
61. Define and discuss radioactive
dating.
Technique in which scientists calculate the
age of a sample based on the remaining
radioactive isotopes it contains
62. Define extinction.
• Disappearance of a species from all parts
of a geographical range
63. Describe Lamarck’s theory.
• That if an organism used a part more or
developed a part of their body, it would be
passed down to their offspring
64. What methods do we use to
process foods?
• Canning
• Salting
• Drying
65. Practice reading graphs and
charts.