Transcript CP Bio PPT\Ch.36 - Skeleton, Muscles, Skin\Sec 3

Introduction to the
Human Body
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Basic Organization
Cells  Tissue  Organs  Systems  Organisms.
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Cells
Cells are the building blocks of
multicellular animals.
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Tissue
Tissues are groups of similar
cells.
4 Types:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue
Cover the inner and outer body
surfaces
Some produce secretions –
mucus and digestive enzymes
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Connective Tissue
Connect other tissues to each
other
Solid – bone, cartilage, tendons,
ligaments
Fluid – blood and lymph
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Muscle Tissue
Contract and shorten to create
movement
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Nerve Tissue
Send messages
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and
sense organs.
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Organs
Groups of different types of
tissues specialized to carry out a
particular function.
Ex. Heart – pumps blood
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Organ Systems
Group of organs having related
functions.
Ex. – Circulatory System – heart,
arteries, veins, blood, capillaries
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36–3 The Integumentary
System
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System
The skin, hair, nails, and a variety of glands make up
the integumentary system.
The skin is the largest organ in the body.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System
Functions of skin:
• a barrier against infection and injury.
• regulates body temperature.
• removes wastes.
• protection against ultraviolet light.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Skin
The Skin
The skin is made up of two main layers—the
epidermis and the dermis.
Beneath the dermis is a layer of fat that insulates
the body.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
Structures of the Skin
Nerves
Sweat pore
The Skin
Blood
Hair
vessels
Sebaceous
gland
Hair follicle
Epidermis
Dermis
Muscle
Sweat
gland
Hypodermis
Fat
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Skin
Epidermis (outer layer)
The epidermis has two parts:
• The outer layer is dead cells.
• The inner layer is living cells.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Skin
Older cells make keratin, a tough protein that forms
a waterproof covering on the skin’s surface.
The epidermis also produces melanin, a dark brown
pigment that protects the skin from sun damage.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Skin
Dermis (inner layer)
The dermis contains collagen fibers, blood vessels,
nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, smooth
muscles, and hair follicles.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
The Skin
The dermis contains two major types of glands:
• sweat glands – removes wastes & cools body
• sebaceous, or oil, glands – lubricates skin
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36–3 The Integumentary System
Hair and Nails
Hair
Hair covers most body surfaces:
• protects the scalp from ultraviolet light
• provides insulation from the cold.
• prevents dirt particles from entering the body.
• Composed of dead cells with keratin in them.
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36–3 The Integumentary System
Hair and Nails
Nails
Nails grow from cells dividing in the nail root.
Nail cells fill with keratin and produce a platelike
nail that covers and protects the fingertips and
toes.
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36–3
Keratin provides
a. insulation.
b. a waterproof covering.
c. pigmentation.
d. protection from UV radiation.
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36–3
The dermis contains two types of glands: sweat
glands and
a. sebaceous glands.
b. pigment glands.
c. hair follicles.
d. dermal glands.
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36–3
All of the following are found in the dermis
EXCEPT
a. nerve endings.
b. blood vessels.
c. sebaceous glands.
d. melanocytes.
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36–3
The function of melanin is to
a. help control the rate of heat loss by the skin.
b. produce sweat.
c. produce a waterproof covering on the
surface of the skin.
d. absorb harmful UV radiation.
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36–3
The basic structure of human hair and nails is
a. melanin.
b. sebum.
c. keratin.
d. dermal cells.
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