Transcript Living system interactions

Living system
interactions
District Assessment Review
Cell, tissue, organs, organ systems
Cardiovascular system- transports
needed materials to body cells,
removes waste
Skeletal system- supports and
protects
Muscular- enables body to move
• muscles
• diaphram
What are smooth
muscles and
where are they
located?
Smooth muscles are
involuntary muscles
such as inside of
many internal
organs.
Skin- protects the body- keeps
water inside, sense external
environ
• Skin and Hair
Digestive
systembreaks down
food, absorbs
nutrients,
eliminates
waste
• Small & large
intestine
• Liver
• Stomach
• pancreas
Digestive system
Reproductive- creates offspring
• Female- ovaries
• Male- testes
Endocrine systemcontrols hormones
• Glands
• Pancreas
Nervous- obtains
& process info
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
Respiratory- gets oxygen into the
body, removes carbon dioxide
Excretory system- removes
wastes- regulate water
Immune system- fights disease
• Lymphoid organs include:
• adenoids
• blood vessels (the arteries,
veins, and capillaries through
which blood flows)
• bone marrow
• lymph nodes
• spleen
• thymus
• tonsils
Equilibrium
• Balance
• System is stable- parts function smoothly
• Homeostasis
Homeostasis
• Process by which the body’s internal
environment is kept stable in spite of
change in the external environment
• 1. Heart rate
• 2. Breathing rate
• 3. Temperature (body)
• 4. Blood cell count
Negative feedback
• Living systems maintain internal
equilibrium (homeostasis) process is
turned off by the condition it produces
• 1. Levels of sugar (glucose)
• 2. Shivering
• 3. Perspiring
• 4. Turgor pressure in plants – helps give
shape and firmness (wilts- less pressure)
Hormone
• Chemical produced by an endocrine gland
(that affects the activity of a tissue or
organ)
• Insulin
Diffusion
• Substances move back and forth through cell
membrane (high to low)
Osmosis
• Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
• Ms. May is not feeling well. She
has a fever and has been vomiting.
What type of internal stimulus
would cause this type of response?
A. Heat exhaustion
B. Invasion of a virus
C. Freezing temperature
D. Lack of nutrients in the body
Which of the following describes the function of
the organ shown above?
A. The transportation of oxygen to the lungs
B. The transportation of water to the kidneys
C. The transportation of messages from the brain
D. The transportation of oxygen and nutrients to
the body
Which of the following happens to your
eyes as you leave a dark movie theatre
and
walk in to a bright room?
A. Your pupils dilate.
B. Your pupils remain the same size.
C. Your pupils constrict to limit the
amount of light.
D. Your pupils dilate to limit the amount
of light.
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Example of stimulus and response
• Within the context of the
integumentary (skin) system:
An ant crawling on your arm
disturbs the hairs on your
arm. You feel that stimulus
and brush the ant away!
Example of stimulus and response
• Within the context of the
circulatory system: If foreign
invaders such as a bacteria enter
your body, your body sounds an
alert and dispatches an army of
white blood cells to the wound site
to attack the invaders.
Example of stimulus and response
• Within the context of the respiratory
system: If you hold your breath (a
conscious act), carbon dioxide begins
to build up in the blood stream. Your
body detects this; you faint and lose
consciousness; you begin to breathe
normally, your body receives the
oxygen it needs, and you return to
consciousness.
Example of stimulus and response
• Within the context of the endocrine
system: If there is too much glucose
in your blood stream, the pancreas
will produce a chemical called insulin
which enables body cells to take in
glucose from the blood and use it for
energy. If the glucose returns to the
normal level, the production of
insulin from the pancreas would
stop.
An organ where gas exchange
occurs in the
• A. Heart
• B. lung
• C. kidney
• D. brain
Which of these structures
are most abundant in the
human body?
• A. systems
• B. tissues
• C. cells
• D. organs
Example of stimulus and response
• Within the context of the
excretory system: If you
eat the fish with mercury
in it, your liver will filter
the poison out of your
body.