Transcript 19circulatory2007

Circulatory System
in Animals
Regents Biology
2006-2007
Feeding the Need
for Energy
 Supplies in

fuel (sugars)
 digestive system

oxygen
 respiratory system
 Waste out

CO2
 respiratory system
 Need to pick up & deliver
the supplies & wastes
around the body

circulatory system
Regents Biology
Circulatory system
 Made up of 3 parts

organ
 heart

tissues & cells
 blood
 red blood cells
 blood vessels
(vascular system)
 arteries
 veins
 capillaries
Regents Biology
Circulatory systems
 All animals have:
muscular pump = heart
 tubes = blood vessels
 circulatory fluid = “blood”

open
hemolymph
Regents Biology
closed
blood
Vertebrate circulatory system
 2 part system
SL
AV
AV
lungs
artery
to lungs
vein from lungs
to heart
heart
vein from body
to heart
body
Regents Biology
artery
to body
Circulation of Blood in Mammals
Circulation
 2 part system
to lungs

Circulation to lungs
lungs
 blood gets O2 from lungs
 brings O2-rich blood back
to heart

Circulation to body
heart
 pumps O2-rich blood to
body
 picks up nutrients from
digestive system
 brings CO2 & cell wastes
from body to heart
Regents Biology
body
Circulation
to body
Stops along the way…
 Lungs

pick up O2 / clean out CO2
 Small Intestines

pick up nutrients from
digested food
 Large Intestines

pick up water from
digested food
 Liver

clean out worn out
blood cells
Regents Biology
More stops along the way…
 Kidneys
filters out wastes
(urea)
 excess salts, sugars
& water

 Bone

picks up new red
blood cells
 Spleen

picks up new white
blood cells
Regents Biology
Mammalian Heart
 4-Chambered heart

atria (atrium)
 thin wall
 collection chamber
left
atrium
 receive blood

ventricles
 thick wall pump
right
 pump blood out atrium
Regents Biology
right
ventricle
left
ventricle
Heart valves
 4 valves in the heart


flaps of connective tissue
prevent backflow
SL
 AV valve



between atrium & ventricle
keeps blood from flowing back
into atrium when ventricle pumps
“lub”
AV
AV
 Semilunar valves



between ventricle & arteries
prevent backflow from
arteries into ventricles
“dub”
Regents Biology
Heart murmur
leaking valve causes
hissing sound
 blood squirts backward
through valve

Electrical signals
allows atria to empty
completely before
ventricles contract
stimulates ventricles
to contract from
bottom to top, driving
blood into arteries
 heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses
Biology
 Regents
signal
also transmitted to skin = EKG
Measurement of blood pressure
 High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
if top number (pumping) > 150
 if bottom number (filling) > 90

Regents Biology
Blood vessels
arteries
veins
artery
venules
arterioles
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
Regents Biology
Arteries: Built for their job
 Arteries
blood flows away from heart
 thicker walls

 provide strength for high
pressure pumping of blood

elastic & stretchable
 maintains blood
pressure even
when heart relaxes
Regents Biology
Major arteries
aorta carotid = to head
to brain & left arm
to right arm
to body
pulmonary
artery
pulmonary
coronary
artery =
arteries
to lungs
Regents Biology
Coronary arteries
bypass surgery
Regents Biology
Veins: Built for their job
 Veins
Blood flows
toward heart
blood returns back to heartOpen valve
 thinner-walled

 blood travels back to heart
at low speed & pressure
 blood flows because muscles
contract when we move
 squeeze blood through veins Closed valve

valves in large veins
 in larger veins one-way valves
allow blood to flow only toward heart
Regents Biology
Major Veins
superior
vena cava =
from
upper body
pulmonary
vein =
from lung
inferior
Regentsvena
Biology cava = from lower body
pulmonary
vein =
from lung
Capillary: Where all the action is
 Capillaries
very thin walls
 allows exchange of
materials across
capillary

 O2, CO2, H2O,
food, waste
 diffusion
Regents Biology
Blood & blood cells
 Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells

plasma
 fluid
 dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more

cells
 red blood cells (RBC)
 transport O2 in hemoglobin
 white blood cells (WBC)
 defense & immunity
 platelets
 blood clotting
Regents Biology
Blood Cell production
ribs, vertebrae,
breastbone & pelvis
 Stem cells
“parent” cells
in bone
marrow
 mature into
many different
types of cells

white blood cells
white blood
cells
red blood
cells
Regents Biology
Red blood cells
 Small round cells
produced in bone marrow
 lose nucleus & mitochondria

 more space for hemoglobin
 iron-containing protein that transports O2

last 3-4 months (120 days)
 filtered out by liver
 ~3 million RBC destroyed
 5-6 million RBC in
each second
tiny drop of human
 replaced by 3 million more
blood
produced each second
 5 liters of blood in
Regents Biology
body
Hemoglobin
 Protein which carries O2
O2
O2
Regents Biology
emergency repair of circulatory system
Blood clotting
chemical
emergency
signals
Regents Biology
platelets
seal the hole
fibrin protein fibers
build clot
Cardiovascular disease
 Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis

deposits inside arteries (plaques)
 develop in inner wall of the arteries,
narrowing their channel


increase blood pressure
increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage
normal artery
Regents Biology
hardening of arteries
Cardiovascular health
 Genetic effects
 Diet

diet rich in animal fat
increases risk of CV
disease
 Exercise & lifestyle

smoking & lack of
exercise increases risk
of CV disease
Regents Biology
bypass surgery
Cardiovascular health (U.S. 2001)
Heart Disease
696,947
Cancer
557,271
Stroke
162,672
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
124,816
Accidents (unintentional injuries)
106,742
Diabetes
73,249
Influenza/Pneumonia
65,681
Alzheimer's disease
58,866
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome &
nephrosis
40,974
Septicemia
33,865
Regents Biology
Heart Disease
Heart disease death rates 1996-2002
Adults ages 35 and older
Regents Biology
Women & Heart Disease
Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002
Risk factors
 Smoking
 Lack of exercise
 High fat diet
 Overweight
 Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death
among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd
leading cause of death among women aged
45–64 years.
Regents Biology
Any Questions??
Regents Biology
2006-2007