Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion
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Transcript Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion
Unit 10
Chapter 37
Respiration,
Circulation,
and Excretion
The Respiratory System
Pathway of air:
Nasal passages =
to warm, moisten, & filter
Pharynx = throat
Epiglottis = cartilage flap
covering opening of trachea,
prevents food from entering
Larynx = voice box
The Respiratory System
Trachea (windpipe)
surrounded
by cartilage
rings to prevent collapse
Bronchi bronchioles
successively
smaller
tubes branching into lungs
Alveoli
small
sacs where oxygen
& CO2 are exchanged
by simple diffusion
The Respiratory System
Types of Respiration:
External Respiration
Occurs
in lungs, oxygen enters blood
Internal Respiration
Occurs
in body cells, oxygen enters tissue
Which is
External?
…Internal?
The Respiratory System
Mechanics of breathing:
Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest
enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air
Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest
reduces, increased pressure pushes out air
Diaphragm
Click on image to play video.
The Circulatory System: the Blood
Plasma
Straw colored fluid portion of blood
Transports food, cell wastes, hormones,
antibodies, etc
The Circulatory System: the Blood
Red Blood Cells
Small, disc-shaped
cells without nuclei
Contains Hemoglobin,
which gives RBCs the
ability to transport
oxygen
The Circulatory System: the Blood
White Blood Cells
Large, nucleated
cells without color
Change shape to
slip in & out of
vessels; for
surrounding and
engulfing foreign
substances
The Circulatory System: the Blood
Platelets
Very small cell fragments
Help clot the blood after an injury
Platelets
The Circulatory System: the Blood
Blood Types A, B, AB & O are
determined by antigens:
Antigens are substances
that stimulate an immune
response in the body
Plasma contains antibodies:
Antibodies are Y-shaped
proteins that match with
antigens
The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Arteries
Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels
Carry blood away from the heart
The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Veins
Large, less muscular vessels with valves
to prevent backflow of blood
Carry blood toward the heart
Veins
Click on image to play video.
The Circulatory System: the Vessels
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels branching
throughout body tissues
One cell thick walls allow exchange of
materials between blood & tissues
The Circulatory System: the heart
Chambers of the heart:
Atria
Upper, thin-walled
chambers that receive
blood from body
Ventricles
Lower, muscular
chambers that pump blood
to the entire body
The Circulatory System: the heart
Blood vessels:
Vena cavae are the largest
veins that enter Right Atrium
Pulmonary Artery takes
blood to lungs, while
Pulmonary Veins bring it
back to heart
Aorta is the largest artery
that leaves the Left ventricle
Circulation of blood through the heart
Circulation of blood through the body
The Circulatory System: the heart
Pulse
The surge of blood
through an artery; can
measure the number of
heartbeats/minute
Blood Pressure
The force that blood
exerts on the blood
vessels; directly relates
to heart health
EKG
Click on image to play video.
The Urinary System
Kidneys
Filter
the blood to remove wastes, maintaining
homeostasis of the body fluids
Nephron
About
one million filtering units per kidney
The Urinary System
Ureters
Tubes
connecting kidney
to bladder
Urinary bladder
Temporary
storage of
urine
Urethra
Passes
urine from
bladder out of the body
Kidney
Click on image to play video.