Transcript Human Anatomy

Human Anatomy
An overview of the
human body systems
Anatomy
 Anatomy
is the scientific
discipline that investigates the
body’s structure.
 It examines the relationship
between the structure of a body
part and its function.
Levels of organization
 Chemical
 Cell
level
level
 Tissue level
 Organ level
 Organ system level
 Organism level
Chemical level
 Smallest
level of organization.
 It involves atoms & molecules.
Cell level
 This
level involves cells (basic
units of all living things) & their
organelles.
Tissue level
A
tissue is a group of similar
cells & materials surrounding
them.
 Examples: heart tissue, muscle
tissue
Organ level
 An
organ is composed of 2 or
more tissue types that perform
one or more common functions.
 Examples: heart, lungs
Organ system level
A
group of organs that have a
common function or set of
functions & are therefore viewed
as a unit.
 Examples: digestive system,
nervous system
Organism level
 An
organism is any living thing
considered as a whole, whether
composed of one cell or trillions
of cells.
 Examples: bacterium, human
Integumentary system
 Organs
of the integumentary
system:
Skin
Accessory structures—hair, nails
& sweat glands

Integumentary system
Integumentary system
 This
system, in particular the
skin, forms a protective barrier
around the body.
 The skin also helps prevent
water loss & control body
temperature.
Integumentary system
 The
skin also gathers
information about the
surroundings.
Skeletal system – Organs
 Bones
 Cartilage
 Tendons
 Ligaments
Skeletal system
Skeletal system
 This
system…
Helps you move.
Protects your internal organs.
Gives your body shape & support.
Stores minerals.
Produces blood cells.

Muscular system – Organs
 Muscles
Skeletal (voluntary movement)
 Smooth (involuntary movement)
 Cardiac (involuntary movement)

Muscular
system
Muscular system
 This
system is responsible for
voluntary movements (I.e.,
jumping & pointing) and
involuntary movements (I.e.,
beating of your heart and the
churning of your stomach).
Nervous system – Organs
 Brain
 Spinal
cord
 Nerves
 Sensory receptors
Nervous system
Nervous system
 This
system detects changes
outside and inside the body and
controls the way the body
responds to these changes.
Endocrine system – Organs
 Pituitary
gland
 Hypothalamus
gland
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid
glands
 Adrenal
glands
 Pancreas
 Pineal body
 Thymus
 Ovaries
 Testes
Endocrine
system
Endocrine system
 This
system produces chemical
messengers called hormones.
 Some hormones help to maintain
homeostasis.
 Other hormones control
development & growth.
Circulatory system– Organs
 Heart
 Blood
 Blood
vessels—veins & arteries
Heart
Circulatory system
Circulatory system
 This
system transports oxygen
and nutrients to the cells and
carries wastes away from cells.
Lymphatic system – Organs
 Lymphatic
vessels
 Lymph nodes
 Lymph
 Lymphocytes
 Spleen
 Tonsils
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system
 This
system takes fluid from the
spaces between cells and returns
it to the circulatory system.
 It also filters bacteria and other
microorganisms from this fluid.
Immune system
 The
immune system is a
functional system rather than an
organ system in an anatomical
sense.
 Certain organs of the body
(lymphatic & circulatory
systems) are intimately involved
with the immune response.
Immune
system
Immune system
 This
system protects the body
from infection.
Respiratory system–Organs
 Nasal
cavity
 Pharynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs
Respiratory system
Respiratory system
 This
system moves oxygen into
the body and carbon dioxide out
of the body.
Digestive system – Organs
 Gastrointestinal
tract—mouth,
esophagus, stomach, small
intestine & large intestine
 Accessory organs—liver,
gallbladder & pancreas
Digestive
system
Digestive system
 This
system digests (breaks
down) food and absorbs
nutrients.
Excretory system – Organs
 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Bladder
 Urethra
Excretory system
Excretory system
 This
system removes wastes
from the body & helps maintain
homeostasis.
Reproductive system–
Organs
 Testes
 Epididymis
 Vas
deferens
 Seminal
vesicles
 Prostate
gland
 Cowper’s
glands
 Urethra
 Penis
Reproductive system–
Organs
 External
parts:
Vulva
 Labia majora
 Labia minora

 Internal
parts:
Ovaries
 Fallopian tubes
 Uterus
 Vagina

Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Reproductive system
 In
males, this system produces
sperm.
 In females, this system produces
eggs.