Transcript Reproducton Development

Slide #1
Testes: - Male gonads
- Produce sperm
- produce testosterone
- sexual maturity
- secondary sex characteristics
(body hair, muscle mass, deeper voice)
Puberty: maturity of male reproductive system
(betweens ages of 12-18)
Slide #2
Epididymis:
- storage area for sperm
- sperm matures here
Slide #3
Scrotum: - sac containing testes
- keeps sperm 1-2’ below body temperature
-muscles keep scrotum at proper distance to
maintain optimum sperm temperature
Slide #4
Vas Deferens/:
Seminiferous - Transports sperm from testes to
urethra (transports sperm out of body)
tubules
-Structural adaptation for internal
Penis:
fertilization
Slide #5
Sperm are made in the testes
Stored in the epididymus
Travels to the Vas Deferens
Mix with semen(fluid)
Seminal Vesicle
Cowper’s Gland
Secretes fluids into urethra
Prostate
- nourish sperm (sugar)
Exit through the Urethra
- protect sperm for acidity of
female reproductive tract
- transport medium
Slide #6
ill.com/sites/0073031216/student_view0/exercise48/the_female_
Slide #7
What male part is being cut?
http://health.discovery.com/beyond
Slide #8
Ovaries: - produce eggs
-at birth contains all eggs in immature form
in follicles
- releases approximately 1 egg per 28days
- produces estrogen and progesterone
Hormones that:
- mature egg
- prepare female body for pregnancy
- secondary sex characteristics
Slide #9
Oviducts: (fallopian tubes)
- sucks in egg at the end of oviduct near the ovary
- location of fertilization
Slide #10
Uterus:
(womb)
- muscular organ
- embryo implants and develops here
- placenta develops in uterine wall
Slide #11
Vagina:
(birth canal)
- receptacle for sperm
- muscular tube, newborn exit
Cervix:
- Separates vagina and uterus
Slide #12
Creatively describe the path a sperm takes to
reach an egg
Check to make sure you include the following:
Gonad
Ovaries
Testes
Egg
Epididymis
Oviduct
Semen
Vagina
Sperm
Uterus
Vas deferens
Cervix
Urethra
Prostate
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_02.html
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_03.html
Slide #13
(28 day cycle)
Puberty: beginning of menstrual Cycle
(between ages of 9-14)
Pregnancy: temporarily stops
Menopause: permanently stops (ages 45-50)
Stages:
1) Follicle Stage
2) Ovulation
3) Corpus Luteum Stage
4) Menstruation
Slide #14
Concepts
Hypothalamus
• Involves three glands:
– Hypothalamus
– Pituitary
– Ovaries
Pituitary
• Involves many hormones including:
– FSH and LH
– Estrogen and Progesterone
Testis/Ovaries
Body Tissue
Slide #15
The phases
• Follicular phase- FSH is secreted by the pituitary
gland which stimulates an egg to mature in the follicle. This
maturation causes the follicle to release estrogen which
stimulates the uterus to thicken (10-14 days)
• Ovulation-
LH released from pituitary causes matured
egg to be released from follicle into oviduct (0 days)
• Luteal phase-LH causes the creation of the corpus
luteum,which will maintain the pregnancy. The corpus luteum
will produce progesterone which further thickens the uterine
lining. (10-12 days)
• Menstruation-
If egg not fertilized, progesterone levels
decrease and the uterine lining is shed. (3-5 days)
Slide #16
Slide #17
Menstrual Cycle
Slide #18
Inside look at the ovary—which hormones are
at work?
Slide #19
Fertilization
Slide #20
- Fusion of male and female gametes
- occurs in the *oviduct*
-if fertilization does not occur in 24 hours after
ovulation...egg disintegrates...menstruation occurs
In Vitro Fertilization:
-egg fertilized outside the body and embryo
implanted in uterus
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_04.html
Slide #21
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/con
Artificial Insemination
lth.discovery.com/beyond/index.html?playerId=&categoryId=219
Slide #22
- Fertilization of different eggs
- Siblings developing at the same
time
- Fertilization of one egg and sperm
- Embryo divides during morula
stage
- Twins have identical chromosomes
Slide #23
The human life cycle
Haploid gametes (n = 23)
n
Egg cell
n
Sperm cell
Meiosis
Fertilization
Multicellular
diploid adults
(2n = 46)
Diploid
zygote
(2n = 46)
Mitosis and
development
2n
Slide #24
Egg Cell
Sperm Cell
n
n
Fertilization
2n
Zygote
What process must now happen for embryo to grow?
Slide #25
- Early division of zygote (Mitosis)
1
2
4
8
- increases cell number but NOT size
- produces a morula (solid ball of cells)
Slide #26
Morula increases in size becoming a hollow ball of cells
Implantation of blastula into uterine lining occurs 6-10 days
after fertilization.
Slide #27
Slide #28
Process of forming a Gastrula (indented blastula)
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Slide #29
Can you recognize the stages of
development?
Slide #30
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Regents Diagram…
Sperm and ovum
Zygote (fertilized ovum)
2-cell stage
4-cell stage
Morula
Blastula
Gastrula
Slide #31
Layers become different tissues and organs made up of
specialized cells
Mesoderm:
Ectoderm:
- epidermis of skin
- nervous system
- muscles and skeleton
- circulatory system
- excretory system
Endoderm:
- reproductive system
- respiratory tract
- digestive tract
- pancreas and liver
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_05.ht
ml
Slide #32
Slide #33
Human fetal development
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_06.html
•http://www.visembryo.com/baby/1.html
Slide #34
Slide #35
Embryo develops inside female body
- characteristic of mammals
-placenta: tissue containing mother and embryo
blood vessels (capillaries)
- No direct connection between blood vessels
of mother and embryo
- allows for exchange of nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, waste by diffusion
- umbilical cord: attaches embryo to placenta
at uterine wall (contains 2 arteries and 1 vein)
- amniotic fluid: surrounds/protects embryo/fetus
Slide #36
An average human pregnancy lasts 40 weeks,
divided into trimesters.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_07.htm
Slide #37
Women must be careful when pregnant as
substances she ingests or breathes can impact the
baby. Most of the fetus’ organs develop before a
women is 10 weeks pregnant, and may be
damaged if caution is not taken early in pregnancy.
Pregnant women must eat very healthy and
avoid the following risks:
(Effects of FAS on children)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tobacco (causes low birth weight)
Drugs (causes many deformities)
Alcohol (causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Regular household chemicals/pesticides
Radiation
Infections
Slide #38
http://health.discovery.com/beyond/
• At 40 weeks of pregnancy (38
weeks considered full term)
•Babies born at 26 weeks live due
to medical technology
•During labor, the uterus contracts. Each
contraction is stronger than the previous, pushing
the baby further down the birth canal. The baby
must pass through the cervix, then exit out of the
vagina.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/media/2816_q_08.html
Slide #39
- External Fertilization
- Yolk is source of food for developing embryo
- Fish and Amphibians
- Internal Fertilization
- Eggs have special adaptations
- Birds, many reptiles
Slide #40
Slide #41
Slide #42
Egg parts
• Amnion-
Fluid filled and surrounds the embryo
• Allantois-
Stores the waste produced by the embryo
• Yolk Sac-
Stores nutrient-rich food
• Chorion-
Regulates O2 going to embryo and CO2
leaving embryo
Slide #43
MOST
LEAST
LEAST
MOST
Slide #44
Time of development from fertilization until birth
Human
40 weeks
Gorilla
Dog
Mouse
Cat
Lion
Tiger
Rabbit
37 weeks
61 days
19 days
63 days
100 days
105 days
31 days