Transcript Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES

Active Lecture Questions for
BIOLOGY, Eighth Edition
Neil Campbell & Jane Reece
Chapter 42
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Questions prepared by
Ruth Buskirk,
University of Texas at Austin
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of the following is the main trait of insects
that allows them to succeed when they have open
circulatory systems, not closed?
a) Open systems require less energy for pumping
blood (hemolymph).
b) Another system, not the circulatory system, carries
O2 to cells.
c) They have close regulation on distribution of blood
to different organs.
d) Their rigid exoskeleton helps deflect blood back to
the heart.
e) Body fluids can move freely between vessels and
interstitial spaces.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
What is the adaptive advantage of having a double
circulation system and three-chambered heart, as
found in amphibians, over the single circuit and
two-chambered heart of fish?
a) There can be capillary beds in both the respiratory organ and
body systems.
b) The additional chamber increases the speed of blood flow to
the respiratory organ.
c) Oxygenated blood can return to the heart for additional
pumping before going to systemic flow.
d) Oxygenated blood is kept completely separate from
deoxygenated blood in the heart.
e) Because amphibians are higher vertebrates than fish, they
have a more advanced heart.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
What attributes of specialized atria cells account
for two specialized heart features: their
spontaneous contraction and the contraction of the
two atria in unison?
a) Autorhythmic pacemaker cells account for both
features.
b) Gap junctions account for both features.
c) External input accounts for both features.
d) Autorhythmic pacemaker cells account for the first
and gap junctions for the second.
e) Gap junctions account for the first and autorhythmic
pacemaker cells for the second.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale
Heart,” a murder victim’s heart continued to beat
after it was removed from the body. What feature
of the heartbeat is the fact behind this fiction?
a) Heart pacemaker cells contract spontaneously, requiring no
input.
b) Nerves controlling heartbeat fire spontaneously, requiring no
input.
c) Hormones controlling heartbeat are released spontaneously.
d) Powerful ventricle contractions are spontaneous, requiring no
input.
e) Pulsing of blood in the heart chambers is spontaneous,
maintaining the heartbeat.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which combination explains the fluid exchange
between blood and interstitial fluid as blood is
entering and leaving a capillary?
a) Fluid pressure forces fluid out of the vessel and into interstitial
fluid when blood enters a capillary, then pulls it back into the
blood at the venous end.
b) Osmotic pressure forces fluid out of the vessel and into
interstitial fluid when blood enters a capillary, then pulls it back
at the venous end.
c) Fluid pressure forces fluid out of the vessel and into interstitial
fluid when blood enters a capillary, and osmotic pressure pulls
it back in at the venous end of the capillary.
d) Osmotic pressure forces fluid out of the vessel and into
interstitial fluid when blood enters a capillary, and fluid
pressure pulls it back in at the venous end of the capillary.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
In response to a period of low O2 in circulating blood,
the kidney secretes the hormone erythropoietin (EPO),
which stimulates erythrocyte production. This system
involves a negative feedback control because
a) when the EPO level rises above a certain point, the kidney
stops producing it.
b) when the EPO level rises above a certain point, the kidney
makes much more of it.
c) when the O2 level in tissues falls to a normal level, the kidney
stops producing EPO.
d) when the O2 level in tissues rises to a normal level, the kidney
stops producing EPO.
e) when the O2 level in tissues rises to a normal level, the kidney
makes much more EPO.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of the following best describes the
advantage of a capillary system with countercurrent flow over a system with concurrent flow?
a) More diffusion occurs at the beginning of capillary
flow than midway through the capillary.
b) More diffusion occurs at the end of capillary flow
than midway through the capillary.
c) At each point in the capillary is a concentration
gradient that promotes diffusion.
d) At each point in the capillary, the walls are thin to
promote diffusion.
e) Counter-current systems provide greater surface
area for diffusion.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Which of the following does not serve as
respiratory epithelium for gas exchange?
a) frog skin
b) fish gill membranes
c) insect tracheal tubules
d) bird air sac membranes
e) human alveolar membranes
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
When PO2 is about 100 mm Hg, typical in the lungs,
hemoglobin becomes nearly completely saturated with O2.
When that fully oxygenated hemoglobin arrives in
capillaries near the muscle, where PO2 is about 40 mm Hg,
what percent of its O2 does it release and unload at that
point?
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) 70%
e) 90%
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
When there is a drop in pH, the shape of the hemoglobin
protein changes a bit, and the O2 binding curve shifts to the
right. This curve shows the normal oxygen saturation curve
of hemoglobin. Under conditions of lower pH, the oxygen
saturation of hemoglobin at PO2 about 40 mm Hg will be
closest to which of these?
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) 70%
e) 90%
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.