Transcript Circulatory-Respiratory

Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
Circulatory system is made up of
blood, the heart, and blood
vessels.
Your Blood: Fluid Transport

Your blood is a tissue composed of fluid, cells,
and fragments of cells.
Components

Characteristics
Red blood cells
Transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide; lack a
nucleus; contain hemoglobin
White blood cells
Large; several different types; all contain nuclei; defend
the body against disease
Platelets
Cell fragments needed for blood clotting
Plasma
Liquid; contains proteins; transports red and white
blood cells, platelets, nutrients, enzymes, hormones,
gases, and inorganic salts
The fluid portion of blood is called plasma.
Your Blood: Fluid Transport

Plasma is straw colored and
makes up about 55 percent
of the total volume of blood.

Blood cells-both red and
white-and cell fragments
are suspended in plasma.
Red blood cells:
Oxygen carriers


The round, diskshaped cells in
blood are red
blood cells.
Red blood cells carry
oxygen to body cells.
Side view
2.0 micrometers
Top view
7.5 micrometers
Red blood cells: Oxygen carriers

They make up 44 percent of the total volume
of your blood, and are produced in the red
bone marrow of your ribs, humerus, femur
sternum, and other long bones.

Red blood cells remain active in the
bloodstream for about 120 days, then they
break down and are removed as waste.
Oxygen in the blood

Red blood cells
are equipped
with an ironcontaining
protein molecule
called
hemoglobin.
Oxygen in the blood

Oxygen becomes loosely bound to the
hemoglobin in blood cells that have entered
the lungs.

These oxygenated blood cells carry oxygen
from the lungs to the body’s cells.

As blood passes through body tissues with low
oxygen concentrations, oxygen is released
from the hemoglobin and diffuses into the
tissues.
Carbon dioxide in the blood

Once biological work has been done in a cell,
wastes in the form of carbon dioxide diffuse
into the blood and are carried in the
bloodstream to the lungs.
White blood cells: Infection fighters


White blood cells play a major role in
protecting your body from foreign substances
and from microscopic organisms that cause
disease.
They make up
only one percent
of the total
volume of your
blood.
White
Blood
Cells
Blood clotting

Your blood contains small cell fragments called
platelets, which help blood clot after an injury.

Platelets help link together a sticky network of
protein fibers called fibrin, which forms a web
over the wound that traps escaping blood
cells.
Rh factor

Another characteristic of red blood cells
involves the presence or absence of an
antigen called RH, or Rhesus factor.

Rh factor is an inherited characteristic.

People are Rh positive (Rh+) if they have the
Rh antigen factor on their red blood cells.

They are Rh negative (Rh-) if they don’t.
Your Blood Vessels: Pathways of
Circulation

Arteries are large, thick-walled, muscular,
elastic blood vessels that carry blood away
from the heart.

The blood that they carry is under great
pressure.

As the heart contracts, it pushes blood through
the arteries.
Your Blood Vessels: Pathways of
Circulation

Blood surges through the arteries in pulses
that correspond with the rhythm of the
heartbeat.

After the arteries branch off from the heart,
they divide into smaller arteries that in turn
divide into even smaller vessels called
arterioles.
Your Blood Vessels: Pathways of
Circulation

Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels with
walls that are only one cell thick. Carries
oxygenated blood.

Blood cells travel in a single file line.

Capillaries form a dense network that reaches
virtually every cell in the body.
Your Blood Vessels: Pathways of
Circulation

Thin capillary walls enable nutrients and gases
to diffuse easily between blood cells and
surrounding tissue cells.

As blood leaves the tissues, the capillaries join
to form slightly larger vessels called venules.
Your Blood Vessels: Pathways of
Circulation

Veins are the large blood vessels that carry
blood from the tissues back toward the heart.
Carries deoxygenated blood.
Vein
Capillary
Types of Circulation

Pulmonary
Circulation –
carries blood
between the
heart and
lungs

Systemic
Circulation –
carries blood
between the
heart and
body
Coronary
Circulation–
Supplies
blood to
the heart
Your Heart: The Vital Pump

The main
function of
the heart is to
keep blood
moving
constantly
throughout
the body.
Your Heart

Your heart is about 12cm by 8cm-roughly the
size of your fist.

It lies in your chest cavity, just behind the
breastbone and between the lungs, and is
essentially a large muscle completely under
involuntary control.
Superior Vena Cava
-Brings blood from the
upper body & empties
into the right atrium.
OXYGEN-POOR
BLOOD FLOW
To the lungs
to get O2
Pulmonary
Artery
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
-Brings blood from the
lower body & empties
into the right atrium.
To the lungs
to get O2
Pulmonary
Artery
OXYGEN-RICH
BLOOD FLOW
Aorta
Left Atrium
From the lungs
with O2
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Vein
From the lungs
with O2
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Prevents the mixing
of blood
Septum
Aorta
Blood’s path through the heart

Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary
Artery, (lungs), Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Left
Ventricle, Aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Superior
vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary
vein
LA
RA
Capillaries
Right lung
LV
RV
Inferior
vena cava
Left lung
Blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force that the blood
exerts on the blood vessels.

Blood pressure rises and falls as the heart
contracts and then relaxes.

Blood pressure rises sharply when the
ventricles contract, pushing blood through the
arteries.
Blood pressure

The high pressure is called systolic
pressure.

Blood pressure then drops dramatically as the
ventricles relax.
The Function of the Respiratory System.
1.
2.
Get oxygen to the cells of the body
Get rid of carbon dioxide
Parts of the Respiratory System:
PHARYNX – muscular tube in the upper throat
which serves as a passageway for air and food.
 LARYNX – contains your vocal chords, short
passageway, sometimes called the voice box
 EPIGLOTTIS – flap of tissue that covers the larynx
and prevents food from going down the wrong
tube.
 TRACHEA - long, straight tube in the chest cavity
that leads from the throat to the lungs, also called
the windpipe.

Parts of the Respiratory System, cont.
BRONCHI – two small tubes that lead to the
lungs, they divide into smaller tubes called
BRONCHIOLES.
 ALVEOLI – where the bronchioles end, clusters of
air sacs. Where gases are actually
exchanged. CO2->O2 In healthy lungs they are
elastic and can stretch, always have a small
amount of air.
 DIAPHRAGM – powerful muscle spanning the rib
cage under the lungs, aids in respiration.

The path of oxygen and carbon
dioxide through the body…
Oxygen from the air diffuses into the
blood vessels of the alveoli where it is
used for cellular respiration inside cells.
During this process, carbon dioxide
diffuses into the blood where it is carried
back to the lungs.