Transcript Human Body Systems

Warm Up
Monday, April 1, 2013 (7th Period)
 Wednesday, April 3, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)

1.
2.
What biomolecule builds muscles?
What is the AKA for biomolecule?
Objectives
List the 11 body system.
2) Describe the functions for the 11
different body systems.
3) Discuss important characteristics of
each of the 11 body systems.
1)
Homeostasis

Maintain balanced internal environment

Requires flow of nutrients into organism
& wastes out of organism
Skeletal System

Function: Support & locomotion
Keeps body upright
 Supports internal organs
 Attachment for muscles

Skeletal System

Structure: Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
Bones: Calcified structures, 206 in humans
(Ex: Femur)
 Cartilage: Very strong, but softer than bone
(Ex: Nose, spinal disks)
 Ligaments: Connects bone to bone
(Ex: knee)
 Tendons: Connects muscle to bone
(Ex: Achilles tendon)

Muscular System

Function: locomotion
Move from place to place
 Respiration (Diaphragm)
 Digestion (Swallowing)

Muscular System

Structure: Muscles

Muscles - always come in pairs
Ex: Biceps & Triceps work together to
move your arm
Muscular System

Three types of muscles:
 Smooth – involuntary muscles
○ Ex: Esophagus, stomach, intestines
 Striated – voluntary muscles
○ Ex: Biceps, pectorals, abdominals
 Cardiac – specialized involuntary muscle
○ Ex: Heart
Integumentary System

Function: Protects body from injury &
disease, aids in homeostasis, &
keeps body warm
Provides barrier btw organism &
environment
 Helps maintain constant internal body
temperature

Integumentary System

Structure: Skin, hair, nails
Skin regulates transport in/out of body
(Lotion, water, salt)
 Hairs keep the body warm

Integumentary System

Skin Layers
 Epidermis – outermost layer, has oil and
regulates transport
 Dermis – middle layer, cushion, has heat
and touch receptors
 Subcutaneous Tissue – lowermost layer, has
fat & blood vessels
Digestive System

Function: to extract chemical energy
from foods & break down foods
Digestive System

Structure: Mouth, esophagus, stomach,
large intestine, small intestine, liver,
gallbladder & pancreas
Digestive System

Mouth – Teeth & saliva (enzymes =
amylase) break down foods

Esophagus – Carries food from mouth to
stomach

Stomach – Uses caustic acid
(Hydrochloric acid) to break down food
Digestive System

Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients into
the blood stream, the end of digestion

Large Intestine – absorbs water and
makes vitamins from indigestible
material, using E. coli
Digestive System

No food passes through:
 Liver – produces bile (green
digestive juice) & breaks down fats
 Gallbladder – stores bile
 Pancreas – makes insulin to
breakdown sugar, & produces
digestive hormones
Endocrine System

Function: Produces hormones

Hormones regulate all body functions,
including heart rate, temperature,
digestion, sleeping, reproduction
Endocrine System

Structure: Pituitary Gland,
Hypothalamus, Parathyroid Gland,
Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Ovary,
Pancreas, Testes
Ovaries produce hormones for women
 Testes produce hormones for men

Endocrine System

Hypothalamus: (brain) connects
nervous and endocrine system
 Produces Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH)
- relieves urge to urinate so
body can reclaim water when
dehydration is detected
Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland –(brain) controlled by
hypothalamus that stimulates other
glands to release hormones
Endocrine System

Thyroid Gland – (throat) produces
hormones that control metabolism
Endocrine System

Parathyroid Gland – produces a
hormone that releases Calcium from
bone into the blood stream

Adrenal Gland – (kidney) prepares the
body for stressful situations
 Produces epinephrine (Epi-pen), also called
adrenaline
Endocrine System

Pancreas –regulates blood sugar levels
 Insulin – decreases blood sugar levels
 Glucagon – increases blood sugar levels
Endocrine System

Ovaries – produce female sex
hormones
 Examples: Estrogen & Progesterone

Testes – produce male sex hormones
 Example: Testosterone
 Stimulates sperm production and secondary
sex characteristics (facial hair, pubic hair,
deep voice)
Excretory System

Function: Process & remove waste
from body
Solid waste from food must be removed
 Liquid waste from blood stream must be
removed

Excretory System

Structure: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder,
Urethra, Rectum, Lungs, Skin
Kidney processes wastes (urea &
ammonia) from the blood stream
 Helps maintain pH & water balance in
body

Excretory System
Ureter = wastes from kidney sent to
bladder (processed so water can be
reabsorbed into the body)
 Bladder = holds waste & reabsorbs
water
 Urethra = structure by which liquid
wastes exit body
 Rectum = removes solid waste from
digestive tract

Excretory System

Skin = removes wastes, salt and urea,
through sweating

Lungs = remove Carbon Dioxide
Body Systems Flip Book
Due: Thursday, April 25, 2013
 Title Page:

 “Human Body System Flip Book”
 Name
 Period
 Maloney/Newell

Each system gets 1 whole side of a page
Warm Up
Tuesday, April 2, 2013 (7th Period)
 Thursday, April 4, 2013 (1st-5th Periods)

1.
2.
What macromolecule protects internal
organs in the abdomen?
What macromolecule is the building block of
your genetic material?
Objectives
List the 11 body system.
2) Describe the functions for the 11
different body systems.
3) Discuss important characteristics of
each of the 11 body systems.
1)
Immune System

Function: Identification & removal of
pathogens
Antibodies attack foreign objects in body
 Immune System = specific response to
infectious agent

i
Immune System

Structure: Skin, Spleen, Lymph Nodes,
Tonsils, White Blood Cells, Antibodies

Skin – a physical defense against
pathogens; oil makes the skin acidic

Tonsils & Spleen – produce Antibodies
Antibodies identify & attack
antigens/microorganisms
 Developed through vaccination

Immune System

White blood cells – engulf and destroy
foreign objects

Lymph Nodes –organs that are filled
with white blood cells that filter the
blood; located all around the body
 Red
dots =
Lymph Nodes
Immune System

Three Lines of Defense
1. Physical & Chemical
1. Skin
2. Oil
3. Mucous, hairs, saliva, etc
2. Inflammatory Response
1. Heat
2. Swelling
3. Immune System
1. Antibodies attack antigens
Reproductive System

Function: To combine genetic
information from both parents, &
pass information to the next
generation
Male gamete: Sperm
 Female gamete: Egg

Reproductive System (Male)

Structure: Testes & Penis
Testes produce sperm
and testosterone
 Penis delivers the
sperm to the female
gamete

Reproductive System (Female)

Structure: Ovaries & Uterus

Ovaries produce all eggs before the
woman is born and the hormones
estrogen & progesterone

The uterus is the ideal
environment for a
fertilized egg to grow
Reproductive System

Puberty begins when the testes/ ovaries
begin producing testosterone/ estrogen
& progesterone
Reproductive System
Step 1: Fertilization
 Step 2: Cell divides and grows for 11-12
days
 Step 3: Implantation on the uterine wall

Nervous System

Function: Coordinate information from
environment w/ a reaction
Sensory organs receive signals
 Brain processes signals
 Brain tells the body how to react

Nervous System

Structure: Neuron, Brain, Central
Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous
System
Sensory organs such as eyes, ears,
nose, mouth and skin collect information
about the environment
 Information that is collected is sent to
the brain along a network of neurons

Nervous System

Neurons (Nerve Cells) are highly
specialized cells that transmit electronic
signals throughout the body
Nervous System

Brain = control center of
nervous system
- Receives all the information
- Processes information
- Signals body to react

Divided into 3 segments:
 Cerebrum = intelligence & language
 Cerebellum = balance & coordination
 Medulla Oblongata = involuntary movements
Nervous System

The Central Nervous System (CNS)
includes the brain & spinal cord

It controls most of the necessary
functions (breathing, heart rate) and
behavior of a person

Protected by the skeletal system (skull &
vertebra)
Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
connects the CNS to the rest of the body

These are the nerves that travel
between the spinal cord and the other
limbs and organs

Not protected by the skeletal system
Red: CNS
 Blue: PNS

Circulatory System

Function: Transport water, nutrients &
waste to & from cells
Every cell in the body needs water and
nutrients to live
 Cells produce wastes, such as ammonia
& carbon dioxide (CO2) through cellular
processes

Circulatory System

Structure: Heart, Atria, Ventricles, Blood
Vessels, Red Blood Cells, White Blood
Cells, Plasma, Platelets
Heart pumps blood throughout body
 The blood vessels are the means of
getting blood to the cells

Circulatory System

The Heart (Divided into right & left):
 Atria – top of the heart, receives the blood
 Ventricles – bottom of the heart, where
blood leaves to go to the lungs or body
Circulatory System
Deoxygenated
blood enters RIGHT
side of heart
 Oxygenated blood
enters LEFt side of
heart

Circulatory System

Blood Vessels
 Arteries – go away from the heart to the
cells (carry oxygenated blood)
 Capillaries – tiny blood vessels; site of
nutrient and waste exchange with cells
 Veins – go back to the heart (carry deoxygenated blood)
Circulatory System

Major Blood Vessels
 Pulmonary Artery – from heart to lungs
 Aorta – from heart to body
Circulatory System

Blood
 Red Blood Cells – transport oxygen and
nutrients
 White Blood Cells – work as part of the
immune system to protect the body from
diseases
 Plasma –liquid of the blood
 Platelets – involved in clotting and repair
(scabs)
Plasma
White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell
Platelet
Respiratory System

Function: To exchange oxygen (O2) &
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Lungs use negative pressure to draw in
a breath
 Diaphragm = muscle that moves the
lungs up and down

Respiratory System

Structure: Mouth, Lungs, Larynx,
Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles,
and Alveoli

Air travels in the mouth (or nose), down
the trachea and into the lungs
Respiratory System
Larynx – AKA ‘voice box’
 Pharynx – Back of
the throat


Trachea – the tube
that connects the
mouth to the lungs
Respiratory System

Bronchi – divides the air
from the trachea into the
right and left lobes of the
lungs

Bronchioles – branches
of the bronchi that end in
alveoli
Respiratory System

Alveoli – air sacs that contain capillaries,
where air exchange takes place
Feedback

Communication system btw all the
organ systems to help maintain
homeostasis
Example: Nerves in the body detect
that you are too hot, so the brain tells
the skin cells to release sweat to cool
you off