Transcript Respiration, Circulation, & Execretion

Respiration, Circulation, &
Execretion
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Respiratory System
• Organs Include: 2 lungs and a series of
passageways (nasal, throat, windpipe,
& bronchial tubes)
• Respiration = process of gas exchange
(O2 in and CO2 out)
• Alveoli = small sacs in lungs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
by diffusion between air and blood
Mechanics of Breathing
• Diaphragm is relaxed and ribs are
contracted when exhaling
• Diaphragm is contracted and ribs are
expanded during inhaling
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Control of Respiration
• Breathing is involuntary process
• Controlled by blood chemistry and
medulla (brain stem)
Circulatory System
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Blood Cells &
Functions
Blood is a tissue composed of fluid, cells, &
fragments of cells
• Red blood cells: transport oxygen & carbon
dioxide, lack nucleus, contain hemoglobin
• White Blood cells: large, several types, all
contain nuclei, defend body against diseases
• Platelets: used for clotting
• Plasma: contains proteins, transports of blood
cells, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, gases,
and inorganic salts throughout body.
• Arteries: large, thick-walled
muscular, elastic blood
vessels that carry blood
away from the heart
• Capillaries: microscopic
blood vessels with walls
that are only one cell thick
• Veins: large blood vessels
that carry blood towards
the heart; equipped with
valves to force blood
against gravity, usually
thinner and have lesser
pressure on them
Organs of
Circulatory
System
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Structures
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The Heart
• Aria: upper two chambers
• Ventricles: lower two chambers
• Blood enters in the left aria then is
pumped to the left ventricle, the blood
then travels to the lungs and then back
to the heart where it enters the right aria
then is pumped to the right ventricle,
then to the rest of the body
Heart Structures to Know
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Atriums
Ventricles
Vena Cava
Aorta
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veins and
arteries on
picture?
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Blood Pressure and Pulse
• Pulse: surge of blood through an artery;
measured in beats per minute; average is
between 60-80 bpm
• Heart rate is set by the pacemaker: bundle of
nerve cells located at the top of right atrium
• ECG: electrocardiogram measures electrical
signals
• Blood pressure: force blood exerts on blood
vessels; normal blood pressure is 120/80
– Systolic pressure: top number, when ventricles are
contracted
– Diastolic pressure: bottom number, when
ventricles are relaxed right before they contract
• Includes the following
organs: kidneys, ureter,
urinary bladder, and
urethra
• Function: to maintain
homeostasis by
regulating sodium levels
in the body, controls
osmotic pressure, gets
rid of nitrogenous waste,
regulates blood pH
levels, and it also filters
out excess glucose in
the blood
Urinary
System
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