Transcript Circulatory, Respiratory, and Nervous Systems

Circulatory, Respiratory, and
Nervous Systems
Structures and Functions of the
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. Gets Needed
substances to cells –
carried by blood –
oxygen and glucose
2. Picks up waste
products from cells –
carbon dioxide
example: carries
Oxygen (O2) to the
body and Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) away
Structures:
– Heart
– Blood
– Blood vessels:
• Arteries = carry
oxygenated blood
AWAY from the
heart
• Veins = carry
deoxygenated
blood to the heart
Flow of Blood
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Start at the heart (right side)
Sent to the lungs, where I
Pick up oxygen, drop CO 2
Now I turn RED,
Then I go back to the heart (left side), where I
am
Sent to the body
Where I drop off oxygen, pick up CO 2
Now I turn Blue…
So I go back to the Heart….
Problems/Diseases
Cardiac Infarction
(Heart Attack)
blood flow to a part of your
heart is blocked long
enough that part of the heart
muscle is damaged or dies.
Cardiac dysrhythmias Abnormalities of
heart rhythm
Hypertension
(High Blood
Pressure)
Stroke
Blood flow in arteries
is too high. (Heart
works too hard.)
Blood clot in brain
that causes brain
death
Problems and Diseases
Stroke
Artherosclerosis
Heart Attack
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Fast Facts
How does your heart beat?
The pacemaker is a group of
cells that uses electrical
impulses to regulate your
heartbeat!
Average heart beats 100,000
times a day
Pulse
Ventricles contract and send blood
through the arteries – you feel the
expansion/relaxation of the artery
wall
Blood Pressure
A measure of the pressure the
blood exerts against the walls of
the blood vessels – measured with
a sphygmomanometer
The Respiratory System
• supply the blood with
oxygen in order for the
blood to deliver oxygen
to all parts of the body
• It also removes Carbon
Dioxide and water
The Path of Air - Nose
• Through your nostrils
into the nasal cavity
• Nasal cavities are
lined with mucus to
trap dust and
bacteria.
• The nose hairs whip
the mucus into your
throat – swallow
• Stomach acid kills the
bacteria.
What happens when you sneeze?
• If dust and bacteria don’t
make it into your stomach
– it irritates your throat
causing you to sneeze.
• The force of a sneeze
shoots the particles out of
your nose.
• http://dsc.discovery.com/t
vshows/mythbusters/video
s/slow-motionsneezes.htm
The Path of Air – the Pharynx
• The throat
• Shared with the
digestive system – it
is also a passageway
for food.
The path of air - Trachea
• Connects the pharynx
to the lungs.
• Lined with cilia and
mucus
• Cough = when
particles irritate the
lining of the trachea, a
cough sends them
flying out of your body
The path of air - bronchi
• Passages that
direct air into the
lungs
• You have two of
them – left and
right.
The path of air - lungs
• The main
organs of the
respiratory
system.
• You have 2 –
right and left.
• Inside each
bronchus
divides into
smaller and
smaller tubes –
ends up in the

• Alveoli
• Looks like a
bunch of
grapes
• Tiny sacs of
lung tissue
• Surrounded by
capillaries –
where blood
picks up
oxygen from
inhaled air
How you breathe
1. The lungs are surrounded by the ribs and the
rib muscles and the diaphragm at the base of
the lungs.
2. Inhalation – the rib muscles contract, lifting the
chest wall and pushes the diaphragm down –
chest cavity is larger – creates a pressure
difference and lungs fill with air
3. Exhalation – rib muscles and diaphragm relax
making the chest smaller – squeezes air out of
the lungs
How you speak
1. Two vocal cords stretch across the
opening of the larnyx – voice box
2. When you speak the vocal cords contract
3. Air rushes from the lungs causing the
cords to vibrate = your voice
4. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id
=7267020n
Problems/Diseases
Asthma
Bronchitis
Choking (aspiration)
Pneumonia
inflammation of
bronchi and
bronchioles that cause
difficulty in breathing/
wheezing
inflammation of the
lining of your bronchial
tubes
obstruction of the flow of
air into the lungs
inflammation of the
lungs caused by
infection
MORE…
pharyngitis
Inflammation of
pharynx (sore
throat)
Laryngitis
Inflammation of voice
box
(loss of voice)
The Nervous
System
The three jobs of the
nervous system:
1. Receives information
about what is happening
inside and outside of the
body
2. Responds to information
– response – a reaction
that a body makes to a
stimulus
3. Maintaining
Homeostasis – directs
the body to respond
appropriately to the
information it receives.
2 parts of the nervous system
• Central Nervous
• Peripheral Nervous
System – brain and
System – all of the
spinal cord
nerves located out
of the CNS
Structures of the Nervous System Neuron
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Cells that carry information through the
nervous system through nerve impulses
Three types:
1. Sensory – picks up stimuli from internal or
external environment. Stimulus converted
into a nerve impulse.
2. Interneuron – passes impulses from sensory
neurons to the brain
3. Motor neuron – receives impulse from
interneuron and sends impulse to a muscle
The Brain
• Contains about 100
billion interneurons
• Covered by three
layers of connective
tissue
• Cushioned by fluid to
prevent injury –
concussions
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How do nerve impulses travel
• Synapse – tiny space
between each axon and
the next structure
• Axon tip releases
chemicals that let the
impulse cross this space
– if it doesn’t cross the
message doesn’t get
received.