Transcript Bacteria protist fungi insect mammal

BACTERIA, PROTISTA, FUNGI,
INSECTS, MAMMALS, AND
AMPHIBIANS
BACTERIA
Two kingdoms: Eubacteria (most bacteria and
Archaebacteria (live in extreme environments)
 No nucleus or internal membrane bound
organelles
 Structure: Chromosome, plasma membrane, cell
wall, ribosomes, and
sometimes flagella.
 Reproduction:
Binary fission (asexual)
 Can be photosynthetic or
heterotrophic
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PROTIST
Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae)
 Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
 All eukaryotic
 Types of Protists:
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Amoeba - moves using pseudopodia “false feet”
(extensions of cytoplasm)
Reproduce by binary fission
 Some can cause dysentery in humans from contaminated
water.
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PROTIST
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Paramecium
Use cilia for movement
 Reproduces asexually (binary fission) and sexually.
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PROTIST
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Euglena
Plant-like protist
 Contains chloroplast for photosynthesis but can also
be heterotrophic.
 Move by flagellum
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PROTIST
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Plasmodium:
Causes malaria, transmitted from person to person
via mosquitoes.
 In humans, travels to liver (dormant), then infects
blood cells causing blood cells to rupture and
infecting more blood cells.
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FUNGI
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Heterotrophic – absorb organic nutrients from
their surroundings.
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Parasitic – feed on living organisms
Saprophytes – feed on dead organisms.
Cell walls made of chitin (polysaccharide)
Reproduction: Spores (sexual) and Fragmentation
(asexual) – pieces break apart.
Examples:
Mushrooms,
bracket fungus,
and yeast (look
closely you can
see them
budding)
ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Heterotrophic and Multicellular
 Symmetry: asymmetric, radial
symmetry, and bilateral symmetry
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Asymmetry – irregular shape; no symmetry
 Radial – can be divided along any plane,
through a central axis.
 Bilateral symmetry – divide down its length
into similar right and left halves that form
mirror images.
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Crayfish: bilateral
Hydra, jellyfish:
Radial symmetry
Sponge: Asymmetric
ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS

Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate
Vertebrate – animals that have an
internal backbone
 Invertebrate – animals that do not
have a backbone. (97% of all
animals)
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Endoskeleton vs. Exoskeleton
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Endoskeleton – support frame within
the body

Exoskeleton – hard, waxy covering on
the outside of the body that provides
framework for support.
INSECTS PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton and
jointed appendages
 Exoskeleton – hard outer covering
made of chitin. Muscle attached to skeleton
 Reproduction – separate sexes and internal
fertilization.
 Complete Metamorphosis:
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4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
 Larva does not resemble adult
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Incomplete Metamorphosis

Lacks the larval stage,
the young look like adults
but may lack an
appendage (wings)
INSECTS
Respiration: Tracheal Tubes – gases pass
through these tubes from the atmosphere to the
internal structures.
 Excretion: Malpighian Tubules —

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Excretes nitrogen waste
AMPHIBIANS
Amphibians “double life”
 Thin, moist skin
 Ectotherms – no means of
internal temperature regulation.
 Circulatory: 3 chambered heart
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Allows for mixing of oxygen rich and poor blood in the
heart.
Respiration: lungs and diffusion across
skin (some salamanders have gills)
 Metamorphosis: egg  tadpole  frog
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External fertilization
MAMMALS
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Endothermic – produce heat internally
Body hair: provides insulation and
waterproofing
Mammary glands: produce milk for young
Circulation: 4 chambered heart
 No mixing of blood.
MAMMALS
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Reproduction: internal
fertilization, most young
develop in uterus with placental
attachment.
Respiration: Lungs (oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchanged)
Excretory: kidneys – urea is
main waste product
 Kidneys open into
bladder;
produce urine