Transcript Smoking Tobacco - People Server at UNCW

Smoking Tobacco
Chapter 13
History of Tobacco
Tobacco - Nicotiana Tabacum and Nicotiana Rustica
► Smoking practiced among the early Mayas, probably in the
district of Tabasco, Mexico, as part of their religious
ceremonies 86-161 AD
► Europeans first exposure from Columbus 1492
► 2Spread throughout Europe during the 1500-1600s
► By Elizabethan times addictive potential was apparent
► 1633 Turkish Sultan mandated death to smokers
► Late 1800s cigarette smoking became popular
► Link to cancer established during 1960s
►
Tobacco – Drug Administration
► The
active psychotropic drug in tobacco is nicotine
► Nicotine is an acetylcholine agonist
► Nicotine in tobacco can be administered into the
blood stream via, eating, snorting, contact
w/mucous membranes and SMOKING
► Smoking is the most common route of
administration
 Pipes
 Cigars
 Cigarettes
Smoking and the Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
► Air
the





flows in through
nasal passages
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi and bronchioles
► Smoke
is drawn
through the mouth and
into the respiratory
system
The Respiratory System
► Diaphragm
and
intercostal muscles
contract to increase
volume of chest.
► Resulting loss in
pressure causes air to
flow in
The Respiratory System
► Gas
exchange occurs
in the alveoli
► Alveolus A tiny, thinwalled, capillary-rich
sac in the lungs where
the exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide takes place. In
this sense, also called
air sac.
The Respiratory System - Gas
Exchange
► Bubbles
with thin skin
► Diffusion pressure
leads carbon dioxide to
move from the blood
and oxygen into the
blood.
Smoking and Disease
► Cardiovascular
Disease
► Cancer
► Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
► A Host of Other Fun Stuff
Cardiovascular Disease
► Primary
cause of smoking related deaths
► Smoking leads to a relative risk of 2.0 for
CVD
► Speeds plaque formation (Atherosclerosis)
► Nicotine increase cardiovascular strain
Cancer
► Lung,
lip, mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
pancreas, esophagus, pancreas, larynx,
trachea, bladder and kidney
► 9.0 relative risk for smoking and cancer
► Primary contributor to lung cancer deaths
► Cigarettes contain at least 43 distinct
cancer-causing chemicals.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
► COPD
 Emphysema
 Chronic Bronchitis
► Frequently
coexist,
thus physicians prefer
the term COPD
► Fourth leading cause
of death in the U.S.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
► Approx.
80 to 90 % of
COPD cases are
caused by smoking
► Relative risk = 10.0
Chronic Bronchitis
►
Chronic bronchitis is
an inflammation and
eventual scarring of
the lining of the
bronchial tubes.
► An
estimated 14
million people suffer
from chronic
bronchitis, the seventh
leading chronic
condition in America.
Chronic Bronchitis
► Symptoms
of chronic
bronchitis include:
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
chronic cough,
increased mucus
frequent clearing of the
throat
shortness of breath.
Emphysema
► Emphysema
causes
irreversible lung
damage. The walls
between the air sacs
within the lungs lose
their ability to stretch
and recoil. They
become weakened and
break.
► Elasticity
of the lung
tissue is lost, causing
air to be trapped in the
air sacs and impairing
the exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
Emphysema
► Symptoms
of
emphysema include
cough, shortness of
breath and a limited
exercise tolerance.
► Diagnosis
is made by
pulmonary function
tests, along with the
patient's history,
examination and other
tests.