Transcript Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization
UHB
Division of Labor &
The First Level
Within multi-cellular organisms there is division of labor.
Division of labor means that the work (labor) of keeping the
organism alive is divided (division) among the different parts
of the body. Each part has a specific job to do and as each part
does its special job, it works in harmony with all the other parts.
The arrangement of specialized parts within a living thing is
sometimes referred to as levels of organization. Cells of course,
are the first level of organization.
Cells: LOTS of Different Kinds!
Here are two examples. Can you guess what kind?
Nerve Cells
Skin Cells
Second Level: Tissues
In any multi-cellular organism, cells rarely work alone. Cells that
are similar in structure and function are usually joined
together to form tissues. Tissues are the second level of
organization.
There are four basic/major types of tissues in the human body:
Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial
tissue. (There are other kinds of tissues besides these.) Other kinds of tissue
include bone tissue (a strong solid tissue that gives you shape and support)
made of bone cells in your body form bone tissue. Blood cells in your body are
part of blood tissue, a liquid tissue responsible for transporting food and
oxygen throughout the body.
Let’s Look Again…
Here are the cells we saw before, but if you look closely, you can
see that they all look similar. Nerve cells working together make
nerve tissue, and skin cells make up a special type of epithelial
tissue.
Taken One At A Time….
Connective tissue connects
and supports parts of the
body. Blood, fat, ligaments,
cartilage, bones, and
tendons are all connective
tissues.
Nerve tissue carries messages
back and forth between the
brain and every other part of
the body. The brain, spinal
cord, and nerves are made up
of nerve tissue.
Epithelial tissue covers and lines
the surfaces of your body and
organs, inside and out. They
primarily serve as protective
barriers. Skin is one example.
Muscle tissue can contract, or
shorten. Because of this,
muscle tissue makes parts of
your body move.
Organs: Level Three
Tissues are further organized into organs, the third level of
organization in living things. Organs are groups of different
tissues that work together. Your heart, for example, is made up
of muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. You
are probably familiar with the name of many of the body organs.
The brain, heart, kidneys, and skin are some examples.
Level Three: Organs
When a bunch of different types of tissues work together,
they form an organ. There are many organs in the body.
How many can you name??
GET IT????
Level 3 - Organs
The heart is primarily
made up of muscle
tissue, but also
contains connective
and nervous tissue.
Level 3 - Organs
• Made up of tissues that work together
to perform a specific activity
• Examples - heart, brain, skin
Organ Systems: Level Four
Like cells and tissues, organs seldom work
alone. They “cooperate” with one another
and form specific major functions. Organ
systems are the fourth level of organization in living
things. An organ system is a group of organs
working together to perform a specific function for
the organism. An example would be your digestive
system. It is made up of several organs such as your
esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Level Four: Organ Systems
Each organ in your body is
part of an organ system, a
group of organs that work
together to perform a major
function.
For example, your heart is
part of your circulatory
system, which carries oxygen
and other materials
throughout your body.
Besides the heart, blood
vessels are organs that work
in your circulatory system.
Level 4 – Organ Systems
• Groups of two or more organs that work
together to perform a specific function for
the organism.
• Examples - circulatory system, nervous
system, skeletal system
The nervous system detects and
interprets information from the
environment outside the body and
from within the body; controls
most body functions.
The immune system fights
disease.
The excretory system removes
wastes.
The endocrine system
controls many body processes
by means of chemicals, like
hormones.
The muscular system enables the
body to move; moves food
through the digestive system, and
keeps the heart beating.
The skeletal system supports and
protects the body, and works with
the muscular system to allow
movement; makes and stores
blood cells and stores some other
materials.
The digestive system takes food
into the body, breaks the food
down into smaller particles, and
absorbs the digested materials.
The respiratory system takes
oxygen into the body and
eliminates carbon dioxide.
The reproductive system
produces sex cells that can
unite with other sex cells to
create offspring; controls male
and female characteristics.
Organisms: Level Five
Humans are an organism. Dogs, trees and
buttercups are also organisms. Even a
unicellular (one celled) bacterium is a
organism. An organism is an entire living
thing that carries out all the basic life
functions. The organism is the fifth level of
organization.
Level 5 - Organism
• Entire living things that can carry out all
basic life processes. Meaning they can take
in materials, release energy from food,
release wastes, grow, respond to the
environment, and reproduce.
Cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism. Each level of organization
interacts with every other level. The
smooth functioning of a complex
organism, is the result of all its various
parts working together.
Let’s Review….
• 1st Level: Cells working together form
• 2nd Level: Tissues, which can form
• 3rd Level: Organs, which work together to
form
• 4th Level: Organ Systems, which work
together to form
• 5th Level: Organisms!