Transcript Behavioral Adaptations - Effingham County Schools

Homeostasis and the adaptations that
allow it!
The ability to maintain a stable, internal
environment is called HOMEOSTASIS
All organisms must be able to
maintain homeostasis the same
way humans do
They do this by:
• Body organization (organ systems working
together)
• Physical adaptations (birds have wings that
allow them to fly)
• Behavioral adaptations (bears hibernate
during the winter when food is scarce)
Requirements for Maintaining
Homeostasis
• An organisms must be able to sense changes
in the external and internal environments
• It must be able to respond to those changes
with appropriate adjustments
Homeostasis involves the coordinated
regulation of the body’s systems
• Homeostasis is the body’s balancing act
• Assuring that internal conditions in the body remain
within normal limits
• Healthy = Homeostasis = Balanced
Human Body Systems
working together…
• Explain how these two body systems work
together to maintain homeostasis in humans:
and
Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
Skeletal
and
Muscular
How do they work together?
Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.
Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the
environment.
and
Muscular
Respiration & The Human Body Systems
Oxygen
Oxygen
Respiratory
+
+
Food
Energy
Wastes
ATP
+ Carbon dioxide + Water
(Energy)
Glucose
Digestive
+
Circulatory
All Body
Cells
Excretory
Respiratory System
• Brings oxygen into the
body
Digestive System
• Digests food – breaks it
down into smaller
nutrient molecules
• Absorbs nutrient
molecules into the
bloodstream
Circulatory Systems
• Transports substances,
such as glucose, oxygen,
and carbon dioxide
throughout the body
All Body Cells
• Mitochondria – site of
cellular respiration
• Occurs in all body cells
• ATP = stored energy
• Some cells need more
energy than others.
– Which ones?
Muscle Cells
Excretory System
• Removes wastes:
– Lungs* – carbon dioxide
and water
– Kidneys – urea and
water
– Skin – perspiration
(water & chemical
wastes)
*part of cellular respiration
process
Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
Skeletal
and
Muscular
Digestive
and
Excretory
Circulatory
and
Respiratory
How do they work together?
Human Body System Work Together
Body Systems
How do they work together?
Skeletal
The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement.
Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the
environment.
and
Muscular
Digestive
and
The digestive system breaks down food, and the excretory
system removes wastes from the digestion process.
Excretory
Circulatory
and
Respiratory
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body for
cellular respiration, and the circulatory system carries that
oxygen to cells. At the end of cellular respiration, carbon
dioxide is produced as a waste. The circulatory system
carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, and the respiratory
system removes it from the body.
1. What two systems work
together to help kick a soccer ball?
A. Digestive and Respiratory
B. Circulatory and Respiratory
C. Skeletal and Muscular
D. Nervous and Excretory
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•
•
•
•
•
2. Which of the following organs
help in excreting wastes from the
body?
Lungs
Kidneys
Brain
Skin
Bicep
Adrenal Gland
•
•
•
•
•
•
2. Which of the following organs
help in excreting wastes from the
body?
Lungs
Kidneys
Brain
Skin
Bicep
Adrenal Gland
3. What two systems work
together to supply the cells with
nutrients from the foods we eat.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nervous and Digestive
Digestive and Respiratory
Digestive and Circulatory
Circulatory and Respiratory
toad
Have you ever wondered how animals are able to
survive in the wild?
Animals have certain adaptations that help
them to survive.
Adaptations
Adaptations- a characteristic that helps an
organism survive in its habitat.
We can separate adaptations into two categories:
A
D
Physical
A
P
T
AND
A
T
I
O
N
S
Behavioral
Physical adaptations
are body structures that allow an
animal to find and consume food,
defend itself, and to reproduce its
species.
Physical adaptations
help an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage use of color to blend in with surroundings
The chameleon can change its color to match its
surroundings.
Do you see…
a Cheetah?
an Owl?
an Octopus?
Camouflage
Protective coloring or another feature that conceals
an animal and enables it to blend into
its surroundings.
Mimicry
the ability of some creatures to imitate others,
either by sound or appearance
for protective purposes
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the
Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the
Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the
Monarch!
Physical adaptation
Chemical defenses- Uses chemicals to warn off or
confuse predators (like venom, ink, sprays)
Warning Coloration
Conspicuously recognizable markings of an animal that serve
to warn potential predators of the nuisance or harm that
would come from attacking or eating it. The bold patterns of
skunks and the bright colors of poison arrow frogs are
examples of warning coloration.
Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that
helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things
up.
Now let’s learn about
Behavioral Adaptations…
Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to
respond to life needs.
Behavioral Adaptations are animals’
actions.
Remember that Physical Adaptations are body
structures.
Each organism has unique methods of
adapting to its environment by means of
different actions.
We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups:
Innate
These behaviors
happen naturally &
don’t have to be
learned. Carried by
genes and are
inherited.
Learned
These behaviors
must be learned or
taught through
observations and
experience.
Innate behaviors
happen naturally & don’t
need to be learned
=
Methods of gathering &
storing food
Finding shelter
Defending oneself
Raising young
Hibernating
Migrating
Hibernation:is a state of inactivity in animals,
characterized by lower body temperature,
slower breathing, and/or lower metabolic rate
May gain weight before
hibernating.
Foraging- Storing up food for
seasons when food is scarce.
Migration- Seasonal
movements of organisms
due to food availability or
climate changes.
Learned
behaviors
=
Obtained by interacting with
the environment and cannot
be passed on to the next
generation except by
teaching.
Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions.
Behavioral Adaptations can be
Instinctive or Learned.
Natural Selection
Organisms that are better adapted to their
environment are more likely to survive long
enough to reproduce
Being tan is a
characteristic that
helps the beetle
survive,
ITS AN
ADAPTATION!
Therefore, well adapted organisms will pass on beneficial
adaptations to their offspring!
Natural Selection
Over time an
adaptation will
become more
abundant in a
population
because it helps
with survival.
Frog
Frog Anatomy and Adaptations
External Nares
Nictitating Membrane
Forelimb
Webbed Toes
Anterior
Tympanic
Membrane
Posterior
Hind legs (jumping legs)
Nictitating Membrane
External Nares
Internal Nares
Maxillary Teeth
Esophagus
Vomerine Teeth
Glottis
Tongue
Eustachian Tubes
Now list some physical adaptations
that the frog has that help it live in its
environment
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Esophagus
Small Intestines
Stomach
Kidney
Large Intestines
Ureter
Cloaca
Anus
Get out a clean sheet of paper
Make three columns
Label them
• Camoflage
• Mimicry
• Warning coloration