Transcript The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System
Function
A. Transportation system of the body.
B. Carries oxygen and nutrients.
 C. Also carries substances called
hormones, which control body processes
 D .Antibodies to fight invading germs.
 E. Gets rid of waste materials (CO2).

The heart, the lungs, and
the blood vessels work
together to form the
circle part of the
circulatory system.
3 Kinds of Circulation:
Systemic circulation
 Coronary circulation
 Pulmonary circulation
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1. Systemic Circulation
The largest part of the circulatory system in
which oxygen-rich blood flows to all
organs and body tissues, except the heart,
and lungs.
2. Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of
the heart (cardiac muscle only).
3. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart again
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rj_qD0
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Parts of the Circulatory System
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Divided into three major parts:
◦ 1.The Heart
◦ 2.The Blood
◦ 3.The Blood Vessels (arteries & veins)
The Heart
A.Size of your fist
 B. Made of specialized striated cells called
cardiac muscle.
 C. Located in the left center of the chest
and protected by the sternum.
 D. Divided into 4 chambers
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The Heart
1. Atria (atrium): chambers in the top of
the heart which receive blood from other
areas of the body
 2. Ventricles bottom parts of the heart,
pump blood to different parts of the body
 3. Pumps about 4-5 liters of blood per
minute about 9,000 liters a day
 4. It beats between 60-160 beats per
minute
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Blood Vessels:
Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
Three Kinds of Blood Vessels
Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries
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A. Arteries
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1. Carry blood AWAY from the heart
2. Very muscular
3. Main artery called the aorta is the
largest artery
Aorta divides and branches into many
smaller arteries
4. The only artery that does not carry
oxygenated blood is Pulmonary artery.
Have strong, muscular walls
The inner layer is very smooth so that the blood
can flow easily
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
B. Capillaries
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1. Connect arteries & veins
2. Are the smallest of the blood vessels
3. Very thin only one cell thick
4. Found all over body
5. Where exchange of oxygen, waste and
other transfers occur between the blood
vessels and the tissue.
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Oxygen & Nutrients dropped
off to tissue while waste & CO2
picked up and taken into blood
then move into viens
http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html
C. Veins
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1. Carry blood back to the heart
2. Only vein that does not carry unoxygenated blood is the pulmonary vein
3. Walls are thinners then arteries
4. Have small valves to prevent blood
from flowing backwards.
5. Largest vein is the Vena Cava.
Veins
Receive blood from the capillaries
 Transport waste-rich and oxygen-poor
blood back to the lungs and heart
 Allow blood to move in one direction
 Blood is usually purplish due to low
oxygen levels (de-oxygenated)

Valves are located inside the veins. The valves
only allow blood to move in one direction.
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
Blood Flow
Heart  Lungs 
Heart  Body
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mH0QT
WzU-xI
Vena Cava vein
AORTA artery
Atria
Ventricles
Unoxygenated
blood comes in
from the top of the
body through the
superior vena
cava and
Unoxygenated
blood comes in
from the lower
body though the
inferior vena cava.
UNoxygenated
blood enters the
atrium on the right
side of the heart.
The
atrium
contracts
and the
tricuspid
valve
opens,
forcing
the blood
down into
the
ventricle.
The ventricle
contracts.
This forces
the
unoxygenated
blood through
the
pulmonary
valve and into
the
pulmonary
arteries.
The right pulmonary
artery takes the
unoxygenated blood
to the right lung.
The left pulmonary
artery takes the
unoxygenated blood
to the left lung.
THE PULMONARY
ARTERIES ARE THE
ONLY ARTERIES
THAT CARRY
UNOXYGENEATED
BLOOD.
Oxygenated blood
from the right lung
returns to the heart
through the right
pulmonary vein.
Oxygenated blood
from the left lung
returns to the heart
through the left
pulmonary vein.
THE PULMONARY
VEINS ARE THE
ONLY VEINS THAT
CARRY
OXYGENATED
BLOOD.
Oxygenated
blood then
enters the left
atrium.
The left atrium
contracts.
This forces
the
oxygenated
blood through
the mitral
(bicuspid)
valve into the
left ventricle.
Left ventricle
contracts and
Oxygenated
blood is forced
into the aorta
to be carried
to the rest of
the body.
Oxygenated
blood is carried
to all body cells
where oxygen
diffuses into the
cells and carbon
dioxide diffuses
into the blood.
Blood carrying
carbon dioxide
then returns to
the heart.
And the
cycle
begins
again.
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=0oNabrnXR68&NR=1
Meanwhile…
While the blood is
moving oxygen
and carbon dioxide
around, it is also
moving nutrients,
other wastes,
hormones, and
antibodies at the
same time.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s1MC1hcE&feature=related
Close up of heart valve
Heart sounds are made by the valves
as they open and close
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
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Blood
A. Responsible for carrying food & oxygen
B. There is about 5 liters of blood in the
average size adult human body
 Travels through thousands of miles of
blood vessels
 Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and
waste products to and from your body
cells.
 Made up of liquids, solids and small
amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Blood
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GUYdaM3QIY&fe
ature=related
1. Plasma
A. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
made up of mostly water
 B. About half of your blood is made of
plasma
 C. Nutrients, minerals, oxygen are
dissolved and carried to body cells, waste
from body cells is also carried
 Plasma is made in the liver.
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Plasma
Red Blood Cells
RBC are made in the center of long bones
 Contain hemoglobin that helps the RBC to
carry oxygen to all parts of body.
 About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE
drop of blood.
 Takes carbon dioxide and transports it
back to the lungs
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http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
White Blood Cells
White blood cells protect the body from
germs
 Are part of the immune system
 Defend body against bacteria, viruses,
foreign substances
 Attack and destroy germs when they
enter the body
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Platelets
Platelets are blood cells that help stop
bleeding
 Help clot blood when a person is cut.
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user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm
Blood Types
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The universal donor is O Blood
The universal recipient is AB Blood
Blood transfusion
Type A can receive Type A or Type O
Type B can receive Type B or Type )
Type AB can receive Type A, Type B, Type
AB or Type O
Type O can only receive Type O
Blood Types