Transcript Body Systems Why do we need them? What do they do?

Body Systems
Why do we need them? What do
they do?
Remember...
Cells are the basic building block of ALL living
things.
Cells form tissues, tissues make up organs,
organs make up organ systems, and organ
systems allow organisms (living things) to survive.
Digestive System
Digestive System
• Why is it important? It breaks down food, and
gets nutrients to our blood.
• Organs involved: Salivary glands, esophagus,
liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
• How to take care of it: Drink 6-8 glasses of
water each day to keep the system running
smoothly. Chew your food thoroughly. Large
pieces of food are hard to digest
Digestive Process
• Digestion starts when you chew your food.
• The better you chew your food, the easier it will
digest.
• Saliva moisten the food and begins to break it down.
• When you swallow, the food passes through the
esophagus, which leads to the stomach.
• Chemicals in the stomach break your food down
further.
• After several hours in the stomach, food travels to
the small intestine where the remaining nutrients
are digested.
• And nutrients not used (waste), then travel into the
large intestine to be removed by the body.
Excretory System
Excretory System
• Why is it important? It removes waste
from your body.
• Organs Involved: kidneys, bladder,
colon, anus
• How to take care of it: Drink 6-8 glasses
of water per day, eat plenty of fiber
Excretory Process
• Water travels through the kidneys to be
cleansed.
• From the kidneys, the water travels to the
bladder from the ureters tubes.
• The colon cleanses solid waste.
• Solid waste then leaves the body through
the anus.
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
• Why Is it important?: Carries oxygen
throughout your body and gets rid of
carbon dioxide
• What organs are involved? Trachea,
lungs, alveoli, bronchi (nose and mouth
too)
• How to take care of it? DON”T
SMOKE!!, don’t exercise to the point
where you can’t talk or feel dizzy.
Respiratory Process
• Begins when you inhale oxygen.
• Oxygen travels from your nose and mouth, down
your trachea, or windpipe.
• The air then branches out and spreads out
through two lubes in each lung called bronchi.
• Oxygen travels to the bottom of the bronchi to the
alveoli, where oxygen is then traded for carbon
dioxide (waste).
• When you exhale, the carbon dioxide travels back
through your bronchi and trachea and escapes
through your mouth and nose.
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
• Why is it important? Transports oxygen,
nutrients and waste through the body in the
blood.
• Organs Involved: heart, spleen, (arteries, veins,
and capillaries too)
• How to take care of it: Don’t ever smoke.
Smoking narrows the blood vessel and cause
high blood pressure. Exercise….It’s good for
your heart. The heart is a muscle, and exercise
makes it stronger.
Circulatory System
• Blood is carried throughout your body by
arteries and veins.
• Veins bring the blood to the heart.
• Arteries take the oxygen-rich blood away from
the heart, allows the blood to travel through the
rest of your body.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that
exchange oxygen and waste between your
veins and arteries.
• The heart's main function is to pump oxygenrich blood through the body, and pump oxygenpoor blood from the heart into the lungs.
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
• Why is it important? Provides support for
your body. Many bones also protect
organs.
• Organs Involved: Bones are not organs,
but there are 206 bones in an adult human
body.
• How to take care of it: Move and flex
your joint through exercise. Get plenty of
calcium (drink milk).
Skeletal System
• Bones are four basic shapes: long (femur),
short (wrist), flat (rib), and irregular
(vertebrate).
• Bones and muscles work together at your
joints to allow you to move in many
directions.
• You have joints in your wrist, elbow,
shoulder, knee, that connect bones
Muscular System
Muscular System
• Why is it important? Muscles are attached to
your bone and allow you to move.
• Organs Involved: No organs are involved
(except the heart), but these are important
muscles: biceps (arms), abdominal (stomach
area), hamstring (leg)
• How to take care of it: Warm up before
exercise, and cool down after exercise. Stretch
your muscular
Muscular System
• A muscle has a bulging middle an narrow
ends called tendons.
• The tendons attached the muscle to a
bone.
• Muscles can only pull your bones, they
cannot push them. Therefore, muscles
work in pairs. For example, your hamstring
and quadriceps work together to help you
bend your knee. (See page R27 in your
book for a visual)
Nervous System
Nervous System
• Why is it important? Connects all your tissues
and organ to your brain. It carries signals to and
from the brain from other parts of the body.
• Organs Involved: Central Nervous Systembrain, spinal cord, nerves, Sensory Organseyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin
• How to take care of it: Don't ever take drugs.
Eat a well-balanced diet (your nervous system
must have proper nutrients to function).
Learn...it builds new nerve connections in your
brain!
Nervous System
• Tells your heart to beat, lungs to breathe, ears to
hear, eyes to see, mouth to taste, skin to
feel....and so on. Tells you to stop touching
something that is hot, or to sweat to cool your
body down. Everything your body does, starts by
your nervous system telling it to leap into action!
• Nerves bundle together to make neurons.
• Neurons collect, receive and send information
very quickly around your body.
• You have almost a trillion neurons in your brain!!
Quiz Time
Answer the following questions on a clean sheet
of paper.
1) Oxygen enters the body through what system?
2) Which system breaks down food?
3) Which system helps your body remove waste?
4) What two systems help your body move?
5) The bladder is like what part of a cell?
6) What system would tell you to back away from
a hot stove?