Transcript Chapter 17

Chapter 17 owl
Chapter 18 McCaw
Classification of
Organisms
Classification of Organisms
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Classification is the
arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their
similarities and presumed
evolutionary relationships.
Classification of Organisms
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Taxonomy is the branch of
biology that names and
groups organisms according
to their characteristics and
evolutionary history.
Classification of Organisms
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Carolus Linnaeus devised a
system for grouping
organisms based on their
form and structure. His
hierarchy is made up of
seven different levels of
organization.
Classification of Organisms
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Sample Cat
Domain (Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic)
Kingdom (Animalia = animal)
Phylum (Chordata = having a spinal cord)
Class (Mammalia = mammal)
Order (Carnivora = meat eater)
Family (Felidae = feline or cat-like)
Genus (Felis = cannot roar)
Species (domesticus = house cat)
Classification of Organisms
Do Kings, Play, Chess, On,
Fine, Girls, Stomachs? }
 The two part scientific name of
a species is composed of the
genus and the species identifier
(binomial nomenclature).
House Cat = Felis domesticus
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Domains
Domain divides living things into cells that
are prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic
(complex membrane bound organelles
and nucleus)
 Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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Animalia =
Kingdoms
Animal
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Plantae =
Plant
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Fungi =
Mushrooms and molds
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Protista =
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Monera =
Single celled organism,
some plant like
Bacteria and Viruses
Animalia
 Characteristics
of Animals –
eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophs, that lack cell
walls.
 Systems – groups of tissues and
organs that work together in
organisms to keep them alive.
 Support
 Skeletal
and movement
system – gives the
animals shape, size and
supports important
structures and organs.
Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton,
and Hydro skeleton
 Vertebrate
– having a back
bone
 Invertebrate – not having a
back bone
 Shell – outer covering made
usually of salt and hardeners
 Muscle
system – if they have
them, then they help in
movement by contracting and
relaxing in tandem with one
another. Banded, striated,
circular, or elongated.
 Movement – if they move
they are motile, if they do
not move they are sessile.
 Food
intake and outlet
 Digestive
system - Food is taken
in and then broken down into
usable parts (molecules)
 This gives energy for growth of
the organism.
 Excretory system – Removal of
wastes or unused food or liquids
from the body.
 Breathing
taking in oxygen
 Respiratory
system – how one
organism gets its oxygen and
uses it, or makes it available to
the body system.
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Sensing/Reacting to the
environment
 Nervous
system - Senses –
see, taste, smell, feel, and
hear. Usually involves the
brain if one is present and
the nerves if there are any
and a backbone if the
organism has one.
 Making
of new organisms
 Reproductive
system – There are
two types of reproduction:
Asexual - in which an organism
reproduces by themselves and
needs no other organisms to have
offspring.
Sexual - in which there must be
two organisms of different sexes
to reproduce offspring.
 Blood
and the movement of
material in the body
 Circulatory
system – The way
that blood or fluid carries the
oxygen to the needed cells in
the body.
 Skin
 Integument
system – skin
protects the organism and
keeps harmful material out
of the internal body cavity.
 Dissection
of organisms – why?
 To better understand the
organisms and to be able to
compare them to ourselves.
 Look internally to get an idea
of how all the systems work
together to keep the organism
alive.
 Dissecting
tray – holds the
organism while it is being
dissected
 Specimen – organism being
dissected
 Scalpel – very sharp knife
used to cut organisms to
identify internal structures
 Forceps
– not tweezers! These
are used to hold material and
structures during dissection
 Pins – hold things out of the
way for viewing
 Probe – used to point out things
or move things out of the way
(metal or wooden handled)
 Dropper-
used to remove extra
liquid, or add liquid as needed in
dissection
 Pad – rubber material that
allows for pins to be added to
hold things down
 Scissors
– small or large. They
are used to cut or remove
things. Once you cut, you can
not put it back!