Transcript THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• The circulatory system is
the anatomical structure
comprising both the
cardiovascular system and
the lymphatic system.
• The circulatory system
transports oxygenated
blood from the heart to the
rest of the body, and
returns oxygen-depleted
blood back to the heart.
TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
•
Closed circulatory system: It
consists of a series of blood
vessels where the blood
circulates and doesn’t leave.
The materials carried by the
blood reach the tissues
through diffusion.
•
Open circulatory system: The
blood pumped by the heart
travels through blood vessels.
The blood goes directly to the
cells and is then returned by
different mechanisms.
TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
•
Systemic or general
circulation: The route of the
blood begins in the left
ventricle of the heart,
carrying oxygen, and extends
to the aorta and arterial
branches. It then goes to the
capillary system, where veins
that contain oxygen-poor blood
are formed.
TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Pulmonary circulation:
Oxygen-poor blood goes
from the right ventricle of
the heart through the
pulmonary artery. It then
branches off in two parts
for both of the lungs. In
the pulmonary alveolar
capillary gas exchange
takes place. Blood is
oxygenated through a
process known as
hematosis, and is
redirected by the four
pulmonary veins which drain
the oxygen-rich blood in
the left auricle of the
heart.
TOUR OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Bloodstream: Blood
regenerates from different
cavities. The cycle finishes
when the blood moves from
the left auricle to the left
ventricle through the mitral
valve.
PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM:THE BLOOD
• The blood: a viscous, red
liquid composed of plasma
and blood cells. There are
three types of blood cells
-Red blood cells give blood
its colour and transport
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
-White blood cells protect
us and defend us from
infections.
-Platelets block our wounds
so we do not lose too much
blood.
THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
• Blood transports nutrients
and oxygen to the cells and
takes away cell’s waste
products so they can be
eliminated.
• It regulates body
temperature.
• It defends our body from
infections.
PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM:THE BLOOD VESSELS
• Blood vessels are the ducts through which the blood
circulates, pumped by the heart. There are three types.
- Veins: These transport the blood from the organs to the
heart and branch off into subsequently smaller vessels. The
smallest vein vessels are called venules.
- Arteries: These transport the blood from the heart to the
organs and branch off into subsequently smaller vessels.
The smallest artery vessels are called arterioles.
- Capillaries: They are very small vessels that reach all the
cells in our body and connect the venules to the arterioles.
THE BLOOD VESSELS
VEINS
ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES
PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM:THE HEART
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The heart is a hollow organ
made up of a special kind of
muscle, called cardiac muscle.
The heart is divided into two
unconnected parts: the right
and left halves.
Each part is also divided into
two: the upper part is called
the auricle and the lower part
the ventricle.
DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY
SYSTEM
•
Diseases of the blood vessels:
- Artery hypertension: Blood
pressure exceeds normal values
- Arteriosclerosis: Hardening
of the arteries, where the
blood pressure rises and
causes artery hypertension.
- Atherosclerosis: the
depositing of cholesterol
plaques on the inner wall of
the arteries. This is an
obstacle to the passage of
blood to small arteries.
DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY
SYSTEM
•
Diseases of the heart:
- Endocarditis: an inflammation
of the endocardium by a
bacterial infection (malaise,
fatigue and lack of appetite
may appear).
- Angina pectoris: lack of
oxygen to the miocardium due
to the presence of cholesterol
plaques on the coronary arteries
- Heart failure: inability of the
heart to provide adequate blood
flow to the body’s needs.
DISEASES OF THE CICULATORY
SYSTEM
•
Diseases of the blood:
- Anemia: the decrease of either the
number of red blood cells in the
blood, or the amount of hemoglobin
inside red blood cells.
- Leukemia: also called “blood
cancer”, is the excessive increase of
abnormal white blood cells in the
blood, as the number of normal white
blood cells decreases.
- Thrombosis: formation of a blood
clot inside an artery.
HEALTHY HABITS
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Avoid excessive consumption of
food high in cholesterol and
saturated fats.
Do not smoke.
Avoid excessive body weight.
Do not abuse the use of salt.
Try to not spend much time
standing.
Exercise regularly.
BY
• ÁLVARO RICO ESPINOSA
• LUIS GUAPO RÍOS
• MANUEL BARRERA LÓPEZ