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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Libr0409.jpg WORM PHLYA • Worms are general grouping • Worms have bilateral symmetry • Worms are the beginning of advanced inverts –Organs and other specialization –Complete digestive tracts –Body cavity/ coelem • found in most bilateral animals • organs are suspended in this space Worm Phylas • Worms are soft bodied so they mostly live in tubes, burrows or under something • Feeding ranges from parasites to carnivorous hunters • Some worms create mucous nets to catch food while they are safe in their burrow Platyhelminthes - Flatworms – Central nervous system (brain) – Muscles – Flat and thin so gas and nutrients can diffuse right into their body – Incomplete DT – No body cavity – Hermaphrodites: sexual and asexual reproduction Class Turbellaria –Mostly bottom dwellers, living in sand or mud under rocks –Carnivorous: eat other inverts –Most common marine flatworms Class Turbellaria Class Trematode- Flukes Parasitic- thick cuticle for protection Adults live in a vertebrate like a fish, larvae live in a invertebrate like a snail. Oswaldo Cruz Foundantion - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Specimen: Trematode sp. (400x Class CestodeTapeworms –Long segmented bodies carrying many generations of new tapeworms –A single segment can contain 100,000 eggs –Parasitic www.dscc.edu/bwilliams/Biology2/bio2animal.htm Tapeworm found on Tiger sharks and mackerel. http://www.marineparasitology.com/Papers/Palm%20&%20Klimpel%202007.pdf biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/SimpleAnimals.htm Nemertea- Ribbon worms • Nervous system with a brain • Muscles • Circulatory System with blood vessels • Complete digestive tract (mouth and anus) • No body cavity • Mostly separate sexes • Sense organs Ribbon worms continued- • Stretchy bodies (8 in can stretch to 3 ft) • Gather food with a proboscis that everts from inside them to catch food • Proboscis may be sticky or poisoned www.seamuse.com/rhyncocoela.htm HabitatBottom dwelling beneath something or burrowed into something www8.nos.noaa.gov Nematode - Roundworms -Nervous system and brain -Muscles -Closed circulatory system -Complete digestive tract -Body cavity - Separate sexes / sexual repro - Have to molt cuticle as they grow Nematodes cont…. –Live in sediments and tissues of orgs –parasitic & predatory Annelida – Segmented Worms –Head-like area with a brain –Muscles –Closed circulatory system –Complete DT –Body cavity –Hermaphroditic/ sexual Annelids continued • Most diverse of worms • Segmentation- repeated compartments –Helps with motion –Allows for appendages http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Mic hael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102 %20Laboratory/Animal%20Diversity/Lopho trochozoans/img012.jpg Class Polychaeta • Each segment has a flattened extension called parapodia • Gills for breathing www.freewebs.com/.../subclasserrantia.htm http://scienceblogs.com/photosynthesis/Hermodice-carunculata59(c)BNSullivan.jpg Class Oligochaete • burrow in mud and sand • scavengers www.inhs.uiuc.edu/.../AOGSMNP.OligoIntro.html • Class Hirudinea • Live on whatever they are “eating” • Parastic / blood sucking • Sucker at each end aqua.intervet.com/news/2007-11-25.aspx Sipuncula – Peanut Worms • Bottom dwellers, many burrow • Deposit feeders www.wildsingapore.com/.../sipuncula.htm www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/sipuncula/sipuncula.html Echiuria- Sausage Worms Like the Peanut Worms Pogonophora –Beard Worms • • • • • • Nervous system Muscles Closed CS Lack a digestive system Body Cavity Sexual repro Vent community worms, live in tubes Use bacteria in them to manufacture food Tube worms White Tube worm www.nematodes.org/.../odl_pogonophora.html Chaetognatha- Arrow Worms • All the features of a complex org • Eyes and a distinct head • planktonic • vicious carnivores preying on larvae of other animals Lophophorates…colonial worms • All the features of complex orgs • Lophophore- unique feeding structure with ciliated tentacles –Suspension feeders • Bryozoans and Phoronids Phoronids Bryazoans General characteristics • lophophores Feather Duster Scientists from the Natural History Museum and Göteborg University in Sweden have discovered a large colony of the worm growing on the bones of a minke whale in the North Sea. Photomicrograph of Osedax mucofloris, which means boneeating snot-flower) the new species of marine worm © The Natural History Museum, London 2005. WORM SUMMARY • Bilateral Symmetry – Animals can be more active and sophisticated • Simplest animals with real organs and organ systems • Inhabit all environments in the ocean