Transcript The Respiratory System 4-1

Respiratory System
Function of the Respiratory
System
 Move oxygen from outside into the body to
help carry out cellular respiration.
 Remove CO2 and H2O, by-products of
cellular respiration, from the body.
What is Cellular Respiration?
 The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a
complex series of chemical reactions inside cells.
 The chemical reactions release the energy that fuels
growth and other cell processes.
 Besides releasing energy, respiration produces carbon
dioxide and water.
Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Energy + Water
(C6H12O6) (O2)
(CO2)
(ATP) (H2O)
 Where does oxygen come from?
 The air we breathe
 Where does glucose come from?
 Digested food
 What delivers these two substances to the cells?
 Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Body Cells
Oxygen from the air
Digestive System
Glucose from
digested food
Both oxygen and
glucose are carried
by blood to cells.
In cells, glucose
combines with oxygen
to release energy.
Respiration vs. Breathing
 Respiration
 Chemical
reactions inside
cells.
 Breathing
 Moving air into
and out of lungs.
The Air We Breathe
 Comes from gases that surround
the Earth.
 21% oxygen
 78% nitrogen
 1% includes carbon dioxide,
helium, and other gases.
 Your body doesn’t use most of
the air you breathe in, most of
the air you inhaled goes back
into the atmosphere.
Air enters the NOSE
Air enters the NASAL CAVITY
Air enters the PHARNYX
Air enters LARYNX
Air enters the TRACHEA
Air enters the BRONCHI
Air enters the LUNGS
Air enters the AVEOLI
Air enters the NOSE
 Air enters your body through
two openings in your nose
called your nostrils.
 Fine hairs, called cilia, inside
the nostril trap dust, pollen,
and microorganisms from the
air.
Air enters the NAVAL CAVITY
 Air then passes through the
nasal cavity and is warmed
and moistened.
 Mucus lines the naval cavity.
 The mucus traps more dust,
pollen and other materials
that were not trapped by
nasal hairs.
Air enters the PHARNYX
 Air enters a tube-like
passageway used by food,
liquid, and air called the
pharynx.
 The epiglottis, a flap of tissue,
folds down over the pharynx
when swallowing food.
Air enters the LARNYX
 Vocal cords, two flaps of tissue, are attached to
your larynx.
 Forcing air between the cords causes them to
vibrate and produce sounds.
 When you speak, muscles tighten or loosen your
vocal cords, resulting in different sounds.
 Short, or contracted vocal cords make a high
pitched sound.
 Long, or relaxed vocal cords make a deep toned
sound.
 Your brain coordinates the movement of the
muscles in your throat, tongue, cheeks, lips, and
teeth when you talk, sing, and makes noises.
Air enters your TRACHEA
 12 cm long tube.
 Strong, c-shaped rings of
cartilage prevent the trachea
from collapsing.
 Lined with mucus and cilia to
trap more dust, bacteria, and
pollen.
Air enters the BRONCHI
 Two short tubes branch off of
the trachea, each tube enters
a lung.
 The bronchi branch into
smaller and smaller tubes
inside the lungs leading to
alveoli.
Air enters the LUNGS
 Masses of alveoli.
 Left lung  two lobes
 Right lung  three lobes
Air enters ALVEOLI
 Clusters of tiny, thin-walled
sacs.
 Capillaries surround the
alveoli like a net.
 Exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide takes place
between the alveoli and
capillaries.
How We Breathe?
 The rate of which you breathe
depends on your body’s need for
oxygen.
 Breathing is controlled by muscles.
 The lungs are surrounded by your
ribs which have muscled attached.
 Under your lungs is the
DIAPHRAGM, a large, dome shaped
muscle that assists in breathing
How We Breathe?
 INHALE
 EXHALE
 “Breathe In”
 “Breathe Out”
 Rib muscle contract,
 Rib muscles relax




lifting chest wall up
and out.
Diaphragm contracts
and moves downward
Chest cavity is larger
Pressure DECREASES
Air flows in and fills all
the empty spaces.




moving chest wall
down and in
Diaphragm relaxes and
moves upward
Chest cavity is smaller
Pressure INCREASES
Smaller sizes pushes air
out of the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two __________, or openings, in
the nose.
Air moves through the __________, which is also a part of the
digestive system.
Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.
Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air
into the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two nostrils, or openings, in the
nose.
Air moves through the __________, which is also a part of the
digestive system.
Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.
Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air
into the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two nostrils, or openings, in the
nose.
Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the
digestive system.
Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.
Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air
into the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two nostrils, or openings, in the
nose.
Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the
digestive system.
Air moves into the trachea, or windpipe.
Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air
into the lungs.
The Path of Air
Air enters the body through two nostrils, or openings, in the
nose.
Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the
digestive system.
Air moves into the trachea, or windpipe.
Air moves through the bronchi, passages that direct air into
the lungs.
Breathing Process
Rib muscles and
diaphragm contract
making the chest
cavity larger.
The air is
squeezed out of
the _______and
you exhale.
The rib muscles and
diaphragm relax,
and the chest cavity
becomes _______.
The pressure of
the air inside the
lungs decreases.
Air rushes into the
chest and you
inhale.
Breathing Process
Rib muscles and
diaphragm contract
making the chest
cavity larger.
The air is
squeezed out of
the______and you
exhale.
The rib muscles and
diaphragm relax,
and the chest cavity
becomes smaller
The pressure of
the air inside the
lungs decreases.
Air rushes into the
chest and you
inhale.
Breathing Process
Rib muscles and
diaphragm contract
making the chest
cavity larger.
The air is
squeezed out of
the lungs and
you exhale.
The rib muscles and
diaphragm relax,
and the chest cavity
becomes smaller.
The pressure of
the air inside the
lungs decreases.
Air rushes into the
chest and you
inhale.