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Mind Map
Photosynthesis
requirements
1. chlorophyll
2. carbon
dioxide
3. sunlight
4. water
occurs
inside
chloroplasts
process
consists of
rate can be
affected by
products
1. light intensity
2. carbon dioxide
concentration
1. light
reactions
2. dark
reactions
glucose
function
in cells
provides
energy
oxygen
converted to
1. amino acid
2. sucrose
3. starch
4. cellulose
5. fats
Mind Map
Respiration
can be classified into
food is
oxidised
to release
energy
oxygen is
required
oxygen is not
required
aerobic
respiration
anaerobic
respiration
examples
as
1. ATP
2. Heat
produces
larger
amount of
energy
produces
smaller
amount of
energy
alcoholic
fermentation
can be
used in
1. brewing and
wine making
2. bread making
lactic acid
fermentation in
muscles
leads to
oxygen debt
and fatigue
Mind Map
Plants
mode of
nutrition
autotrophic
nutrition
occurs in the
leaves most
need
gaseous
exchange
mineral salts
2 major
elements
1. nitrogen
2. magnesium
can be
obtained
by adding
mainly
through
stomata
on leaves
fertilizers
include
1. chemical
fertilizers
2. natural
fertilizers
in
daytime
respiration and
photosynthesis
at night
(or in the dark)
respiration only
Mind Map
Plants
the process of
losing water from
the surface to the
atmosphere
transpiration
is the
loss of water
from plant
creates
transpiration
pull
importance
1. carries and
helps
absorbing
dissolved
mineral salts
2. produces
cooling
effect
the rate is
affected by
1. light intensity
2. temperature
3. relative
humidity
4. air movement
Mind Map
Plants
one main
function
of roots
to help plants
to stand
upright
a system
of plants
transport in
flowering plants
absorption
in roots
support
by
2 different kinds
of substances
2 main kinds
of substances
water
by
osmosis
mineral
salts
by
active
transport
water and
mineral salts
through
xylem
by
transpiration
pull
1. turgidity of
cells
organic
nutrients
through
phloem
by
translocation
2. rigidity of
xylem
we should
have a
Food
Mind Map
balanced diet
consists of
7 food substances contains the
malnutrition
otherwise
will result in
right amount of all
primary food substances
protective food substances
include
carbohydrates
fats
include
proteins
consist of
consist of
1. monosaccharides
1. fatty acids
2. disaccharides
2. glycerol
food test for
glucose
is
clinistix paper
spot test
reducing sugars
is
Benedict's test
food test
albustix paper
food test
3. polysaccharides
amino acids
starch
is
iodine test
water
we should
have a
Food
Mind Map
balanced diet
consists of
malnutrition
otherwise
will result in
7 food substances contains the
right amount of all
primary food substances
protective food substances
include
vitamins
minerals
dietary fibres
stimulate
include
include
peristalsis
prevent
vitamin A
vitamin C
deficiency
disease
night
blindness
vitamin D
deficiency
disease
scurvy
food test
DCPIP test
deficiency
disease
rickets
calcium
deficiency
disease
soft bones
iron
constipation
deficiency
disease
anaemia
Mind Map
Nutrition in humans
The digestive system
consists of associated
digestive glands and
alimentary
canal
includes
mouth cavity
oesophagus
stomach
duodenum
ileum
appendix
caecum
colon
rectum
anus
Mind Map
Nutrition in humans
consists of 5 processes
ingestion
food is
broken
down by
teeth
digestion
involves
mechanical
digestion
chemical
digestion
absorption
mainly
through
villi
assimilation
mainly
through
hepatic portal
vein
involves
include
involves
involves
1. incisors
1. chewing
2. canines
2. peristalsis
3. premolars
4. molars
the number and
arrangement are
shown by
dental formula
enzymatic
reactions
3 major types
of enzyme
1. blood
capillaries
2. lacteals
by
1. carbohydrase
1. diffusion
2. protease
2. active
transport
3. lipase
to
liver
functions
include
1. regulates
blood
glucose level
2. deamination
3. stores iron
and vitamins
egestion
Mind Map
Gaseous exchange in human
involves
breathing system
consists of
for
1. nasal cavity
ventilation
the exchange of
2. pharynx
oxygen
carbon dioxide
3. larynx
exercise
by
4. trachea
5. lungs
inspiration
expiration
consists of
involve the movement of
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
the rate and
depth
increase
when doing
1. diaphragm
2. Ribs and
sternum
Mind Map
Circulatory system
double circulation
consists of
1. pulmonary
circulation
blood vessels
heart
blood
2. systemic
circulation
include
1. arteries
divided
into
2. veins
1. 2 atria
3. capillaries
2. 2 ventricles
cardiac
cycle
auricular
systole
ventricular
systole
diastole
consists
of
functions
are
1. plasma
1. transport
2. blood cells
2. body
defence
include
1. red blood
cells
2. white blood
cells
3. platelets
3. body
temperature
regulation
Mind Map
Lymphatic system
consists of
1. lymph vessels
2. lymph nodes
3. lymph
flows by
1. contraction of
skeletal muscles
2. pressure from
the tissues
Mind Map
Detecting of
environmental conditions
mainly by
is called
irritability
five senses
change in external or
internal environment
is called
stimulus
detected by
receptors
nerve
impulses
sent to
brain or
spinal cord
examples
include
hearing
taste
sight
smell
touch
sense organ
sense organ
sense organ
sense organ
sense organ
ear
tongue
eye
nose
skin
1. aqueous
humour
2. vitreous
humour
3. retina
produce
response
5. sclera
6. cornea
to
effectors
include muscles
and glands
common
eye defects
structures include
1. circular
muscles
7. choroid
8. lens
9. iris
4. optic
nerve
consists of
10. pupil
2. radial
muscles
for
controlling the
size of pupil
1. long sight
2. short sight
3. colour
blindness