Transcript Birds - Dagel

Birds
Respiratory System
How do lungs and air sacs work together to obtain oxygen?
The posterior and anterior air sacs expand during inhalation, half the air enters the
trachea the other half enters the posterior sac and passes through the lung’s into the
anterior sac. The anterior and posterior sac’s don’t play a direct role in gas exchange,
but to store air, & helps lungs to maintain a fixed volume with fresh air constantly
flowing through.
How is a one-way air flow different then a two-way air flow?
One-way air flow is when you inhale and, then exhale. A two-way air flow is when you
inhale and at the same time you are inhaling you are exhaling.
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Birds have a high oxygen demand.
Trachea- fresh air flows through the lungs in only one direction.
Skeletal Composition
• Explain how the bones of a bird are
adapted for flight: There wing bones are made
very light to make flying easier and their leg bones are
heavier then all of there bones to make an easy landing.
• Define:
Furcula- important for a birds flight, is formed by the fusion
of two collar bones.
Sternum- Muscles in the chest cause the sternum to be
pushed outward. This creates a negative pressure in the
air sacs, causing air to enter the respiratory system.
Response/Nervous
Central- Brain & spinal cord
Peripheral- Cranial & spinal cord, ganglia
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/RITCHISO//birdbrain.html
Circulatory System
How many chambers does a birds heart have? & why is
this a advantage?
They have a four chambered heart &, it allows for nutrients and, oxygen
transports through the body, providing energy to fly and maintain
high levels of activity.
Digestive system
What do birds eat?
Peanuts, seeds, grains, worms.
How do they obtain there food?What special
adaptation do they have?
For a example think of a humming birds, they have long thin bills which
they insert into flowers to get nectar. Birds that eat meat usually
have long, sharp, curved bills Which will help them obtain food.
Describe these functionsCrop- Softens food, stores food temporarily.
Gizzard-Four muscular bands that rotate and crush food.
Cloacae- where sperm is stored.
Villi – Holds nutrients, is shaped like a mushroom.
Reproduction
• Birds have no external sex organs.
• After they male and female mate the
female lays a number of eggs in a clutch.
• They usually lay from one to twenty eggs
each batch.
Excretory
• Why is bird urine different from humans?
The cones of birds are humorous than those of humans. Humans
density is 200,000 cones per square milli
For a bird it is 400,000 cones per square milli
http://www.nhm.org/birds/guide/pg016.html
General Characteristics
• Birds only have one kidney.
• They have four heart chambers.
• Their bones are light weight and usually
hollow.
• They don’t have a bladder so they don’t
have to carry all that extra weight.
Habitat
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They usually are in abandoned fields.
Mixed/Coniferous forest.
Desert.
Fresh water marsh.
Number of Species
• 10,000 through out the world
• Only 925 have been seen
• 3,200 in Africa,2,900 in Asia,1,700 in
Australia and many more in other
countries.
Body structure
• Birds have a bilateral body structure.
Bibliography
• http;//people.eku.edu/ritchisong/ritchsok3/
bird.html
• http;//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia761552516