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The goal of breathing is to deliver oxygen
to the body and to take away carbon
dioxide.
The lungs are the main organs.
The red blood cells are responsible for
picking up the oxygen in the lungs and
carrying the oxygen to all the body cells
that need it.
The trachea (TRAY-kee-uh} is sometimes
called the windpipe. The trachea filters the
air we breathe and branches into the
bronchi.
The bronchi (BRAHN-ky) are two air tubes
that branch off of the trachea and carry air
directly into the lungs.
Alveoli:
Bronchiolies eventually lead to tiny,
stretchy sacs called alveoli. These sacs
blow up like tiny balloons when you
breathe in. Oxygen from the air passes
through the walls of the alveoli into
capillaries while carbon dioxide is passed
out.
Diaphragm
Breathing starts with a domeshaped muscle at the bottom of the
lungs called the diaphragm (DY-uhfram). When you breathe in, the
diaphragm contracts. When it
contracts it flattens out and pulls
downward. This movement enlarges
the space that the lungs are in. This
larger space pulls air into the lungs.
When you breathe out, the diaphragm
expands reducing the amount of space
for the lungs and forcing air out.
The diaphragm is the main muscle
used in breathing.
Carbon dioxide is the waste gas that is produced when carbon is combined with oxygen as
part of the body's energy-making processes.
Respiration is the term for the exchange of oxygen from the environment for carbon
dioxide from the body's cells.
The process of taking air into the lungs is called inhalation or inspiration, and the process
of breathing it out is called exhalation or expiration.
The lungs differ in size and shape. Because the heart is slightly larger on the left side, the
left lung has a cardiac notch (indented border). The left lung is also slightly smaller than
the right. Each lung is divided into lobes (partitions) by fissures.
The right lung has three lobes: lower, middle, and upper. These horizontal and oblique
fissures create these lobes. The left lung has upper and lower lobes that are divided by
the oblique fissure.
Air enters the body through the mouth or nose. In the nose, thick hairs lining the nostrils
prevent small objects from entering the nasal cavity. This cavity is lined with cells that
produce mucus. Small foreign matter that enters the nasal cavities is trapped in the
mucus, while tiny cilia (small hair-like projections) push the mucus to the pharynx
(throat), where it is swallowed and digested in the stomach or expectorated.
With each inhalation, air fills a large
portion of the millions of alveoli. In a
process called diffusion (pronounced:
dih-fyoo-zhun), oxygen moves from
the alveoli to the blood through the
capillaries (tiny blood vessels,
pronounced: kah-puh-ler-eez) that
line the alveolar walls.
Once in the bloodstream, oxygen gets
picked up by a molecule called
hemoglobin (pronounced: hee-muhglo-bun) in the red blood cells. This
oxygen-rich blood then flows back to
the heart, which pumps it through
the arteries to oxygen-hungry tissues
throughout the body.
Fun quizzes to practice with
http://www.neok12.com/quiz/RESSY01
http://www.neok12.com/quiz/RESSY03
http://www.neok12.com/quiz/RESSY04
Things That Can Go Wrong With the Lungs and Respiratory System: genetics,
pollutants and irritants, and infectious diseases — can affect the health of your
lungs and respiratory system and cause respiratory problems. Problems during
their teen years include:
Asthma. (pronounced: az-muh) Over 20 million people in U. S. is a long-term,
inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow when a
person with the condition comes into contact with irritants such as cigarette
smoke, dust, or pet dander.
Bronchitis:doesn't affect most teens, it can affect those who smoke. In
bronchitis, the membranes lining the larger bronchial tubes become inflamed
and an excessive amount of mucus is produced. The person with bronchitis
develops a bad cough to get rid of the mucus.
Common cold:caused by over 200 different viruses that cause inflammation in
the upper respiratory tract. The common cold is the most common respiratory
infection.
Cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is an inherited disease affecting the lungs. CF causes
mucus in the body to be abnormally thick and sticky. The mucus can clog the
airways in the lungs and make a person more likely to get bacterial infections.
Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs, which usually occurs
because of infection with a bacteria or virus. (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Why Do I Yawn?
When you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not take enough oxygen
from the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain
senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take
a deep long breath---a YAWN.
Why Do I Sneeze?
Sneezing is like a cough in the upper breathing passages. It is the body's
way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the
nose. Many things can irritate the mucous membranes. Dust, pollen,
pepper or even a cold blast of air are just some of the many things that may
cause you to sneeze.
What Causes Hiccups?
Hiccups are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is involuntary --you have no control over hiccups, as you well know. There are many causes
of hiccups. The diaphragm may get irritated, you may have eaten to fast, or
maybe some substance in the blood could even have brought on the
hiccups.
1. Exchange of air occurs in _______ which are also known as 'air sacs'.
A. Alveoli
B. Alveolar ducts
C. Bronchi
D. Bronchioles
Answer:
2. Identify bronchus in this diagram.
Answer:
3. Write the correct sequence of the pathway through which air travels after entering the body.
A. Larynx, pharynx, trachea bronchioles
B. Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles
C. Pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, trachea
D. Pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchioles
4. Which process does not occur in the nasal cavity?
A. Trapping of large foreign bodies
B. Exchange of gases
C. Humidification of inhaled air
D. Warming of inhaled air
Answer:
5. Normal rate of respiration in an adult human being is _______ times/ minute.
A. 10-12
B. 12-14
C. 16-18
D. 22-24
Answer:
6. Spirometer measures:
A. Capacity of lungs
B. Volume of air inhaled and exhaled
C. Residual air
D. All of these
Answer:
7. Identify diaphragm in this diagram.
•B
•C
•D
•E
Answer:
8. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Oxygen = _______ + Water + CO2
A. Sucrose
B. Starch
C. Energy
D. None of these
Answer:
9. What is the leaf-like structure (#1) which prevents the entry of food into
respiratory passages?
A. Larynx
B. Epiglottis
C. Pharynx
D. Tongue
Answer:
10. Which part of the respiratory tract is also known as the voice box?
A. Pharynx
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Epiglottis
Answer:
11. Which cells of the blood carry oxygen to different parts of the body?
Answer:
12. True or False: Trachea contains 16-20 'C'-shaped
cartilaginous rings.
• True
• False
Answer:
13. True or False: Breathing through the mouth is considered as good as breathing
through the nose.
• True
• False
Answer:
14. True or False: Exhalation and inhalation of air is known as "cellular
respiration".
• True
• False
Answer:
15. True or False: Two-layered membrane which covers the lungs is known as
pericardium.
• True
• False
Answer: