Transcript Standard 3 review

Organ and Organ Systems of
Plants and Animals
Takes 45 – 60 minutes. – If taking time. Could
add some slides on disorders of each system.
Book has good ones on respiration and
circulatory.
Emergent properties
• Name the correct order of organization from simple
to most complex. – use these words
• Starting with cells and end at organism – 5 words.
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Cell,
tissue,
organ,
organ system
organism
• Ability to maintain a stable environment is . . .
..
• Homeostasis.
• How does the human body maintain
homeostasis?
• Cells – diffusion / osmosis
• Organ systems –
What is the biggest organ in the body?
• Skin
• Several layers thick
• What is the purpose of
the oil glands?
– Protection –
• contains chemicals that kill
bacteria
– and keeps skin soft and
pliable
FOOD PROCESSING
The four main stages of food processing
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Digestion
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Where does digestion begin?
The mouth –
Then continues in the?
stomach
Where does most absorption of
nutrients into the blood occur?
• Small intestine
Evolution of the Digestive
system
Ingestion, digestion, absorption,
Elimination
Protists
• Endo and exocytosis
Cnidarians (the bag system)
• One hole –
everything goes
in and out it
same hole.
Al
Explain evolution of a folded tube
digestive system
1.From one hole
system
2.to two hole system
(round worm –
nematode)
3.to crop and gizzard
of earth worm
4.To folded system of
stomach and
intestines
What do birds and worms have in
common?
• Crop and gizzard – for
storing and grinding
Give one unique thing about digestion
in hervbivoures
• 4 stomachs and
• Symbiotic – mutualistic
relationship with a
microbe that lives in one of
the stomachs and Breaks
down cellulose
What transports sugar and sap down
from the leaves to the roots
• Phloem –
What is similar to our veins and
arteries?
• Xylem - transports
water, minerals and
nutrients - up
.
How is water, and mineral and
nutrients transported up against
gravity?
• Capillary action –
animals
• Transpirational pull –
plants
• Water is polar and
sticks (cohesion,
adhesion, surface
tension)
•
• Why can glucose and other
nutrients dissolve in plasma?
• Because of waters solvent
properties. Because water is
POLAR and forms Hydrogen
bonds
What is the Cambium?
• The wood – creates
new xylem and
phoem
• Creates the wood
rings
• Label
– Zone of elongation
– Zone of division
– Root cap
– Meristem
– Root hair
Purpose of the root
• Anchor the plant
• Absorb water, and minerals from the Root
hairs – Surface area
What is the meristem?
• Stem cells of the plant – divide by mitosis for
growth of plant
How many Chambers?
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Fish heart
Two
Amphibians
3
Reptiles
3
Mammals
4
Follow a drop of blood through the
heart
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Vena cava (vein)
R Atrium
R Ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs / alveoli/ capillaries
Pulmonary vein
L Atrium
L Ventricle
Aorta (artery)
Body
What is the difference between a vein
and an artery?
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Veins
Blood into heart
Arteries
Blood out of heart
What do the valves do and sphincters
do?
One way flow
Leaf Types - veins
Leaf Structure
• Serated
Lobed
Leaf growth
Leaf arrangement
Evolution of gas
exchange
Gas exchange - Protists
• Diffusion and osmosis
• Contractile vacuole
pumps excess
water out.
Hydra / Cnidarians
• Diffusion
• And
through
opening
Insects – gas exchange
• Legs
• spiracle
What organ in fish exchanges gas
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)?
• Gills
• branched and folded
• Surface area
Lungs
•
• Label
– Trachea
– Bronchus
– Bronchiole
– alveoli
Where does gas exchange take
place between lungs and blood
Alveoli – lungs small
and circular
Capillaries – blood –
highly branched
Problems
• Bronchitis- Inflammation of the membrane of
the bronchial tubes
• Asthma- An allergic response characterized be
constricted o the bronchial tubes
•
• Emphysema- Change in the structure of the
lung characterized by enlargement and
degeneration of the alveoli resulting in
decreased lung capacity.
Explain what is unique about birds
respiration
• Air sacs
• Get oxygen when
they breath in and out.
Where does gas exchange in plants
take place?
• Stomata
What organ removes waste from the
blood?
• Kidneys - filter
and remove
waste
What does the liver do?
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Removes toxic substances like alcohol
What is attached to the liver?
Gall bladder
What does it do?
Stores bile
What does it do?
Breaks down fats
How does pancreas maintain
homeostasis?
• High sugar - Secretes
the hormones insulin
• Low sugar – glucagon
Which system is primarily responsible for
reaction time?
• Nervous system
What is dominant sense in humans?
• Vision
Reproduction
• Where does egg production in humans occur?
• In the ovary
• In FLOWERING PLANT – seed (eggs)
production occurs where?
Ovule
Name one benefit of Seed production
• Seed – embryo is protected
• Seed – sexual reproduction
• Best in a harsh or changing
environment.
What is responsible for reaction time?
Nervous system
Label the
parts
Message Relay – fill in boxes