Transcript Diagnosis : Coagulative necrosis

Practical of Cell Injury
Third Year
5th October 2015
Liver cell necrosis: Nuclear changes
normal
pyknosis
karyorrhexis
karyolysis
Here, there is a wedge-shaped firm pale area of coagulative necrosis
(infarction) in the renal cortex of the kidney.
Diagnosis : Coagulative necrosis of kidney
Microscopically, the renal cortex has undergone anoxic
injury at the left so that the cells appear pale and
ghost-like normal renal parenchyma at the far right
Diagnosis : coagulative necrosis of renal tissue
Two large infarctions (areas of coagulative necrosis) are seen in this sectioned
spleen & are often wedge-shaped with a base on the organ capsule.
Diagnosis : infarction ( coagulative necrosis) of spleen
Here is myocardium in which the cells are dying. Preserved cell membrane with
loss of internal structure, including nucleus & cross striation with eosinophilic
cytoplasm. Prominent contraction bands
Diagnosis : Coagulative necrosis ( Myocardial Infarction)
slide on the right:
microscopical feature of liquefactive necrosis of the brain demonstrates
many macrophages & edema at the right which are cleaning up the necrotic cellular
debris.
Slide on the left
this infarct in the brain is organizing and being resolved, the liquefactive necrosis leads
to resolution with cystic spaces
Caseous necrosis- the hilar lymph node is replaced by cheesy white material
of caseous necrosis, this type of necrosis is usually due to pulmonary
tuberculosis
microscopically :the area of necrosis is seen as eosinophilic granular area
surrounded by epithelioid cells & a peripheral rim of lymphocyte to form the
granuloma characteristic of pulmonary TB
Fat necrosis of the mesentery: multiple chalky white
patches on the surface of mesentery due to enzymatic
digestion of mesenteric fat secondary to acute
pancreatitis
Slide on left:
gross: soft, chalky white areas with foci of hemorrhage seen on the cut surfaces
of inflamed pancreas
Diagnosis : acute pancreatitis with fat necrosis & calcification
slide on the right: Microscopically, fat necrosis is seen here. Though the cellular
outlines vaguely remain, the fat cells have lost their peripheral nuclei and their
cytoplasm has become a pink amorphous mass of necrotic material.
The deposition of immune complexes in an artery is called vasculitis with
circumferential bright pink area of fibrinoid necrosis with protein
infiltration & inflammation ( Fibrinoid necrosis)
Apoptotic body appears as dense eosinophilic core
Blackish discoloration of the finger- dry gangrene,
the gangrenous area is separated from normal
tissue by a zone of hyperemia
Below knee amputation of right leg with swelling blackishdiscoloration with edema & large irregular ulcer over the
ankle
Diagnosis: wet gangrene in a diabetic patient
A. Normal brain of a young adult. B. Atrophy of the brain in an old male
with atherosclerotic disease. Atrophy of the brain is due to aging and
reduced blood supply. Note that loss of brain substance narrows the
gyri and widens the sulci. The meninges have been stripped from the
right half of each specimen to reveal the surface of the brain.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an
example of pathological hypertrophy due to
increase demand, this ultimately results in
increase in the size of the organ
hypertrophy of cardiac muscle in
response to increased demand
Endometrial hyperplasia is an example of
hormone-induced hyperplasia due to
hyperestrogenism.
Endometrial hyperplasia-there is hyperplasia
of the both glandular & stromal elements.
Metaplasia of normal columnar (left) to squamous
epithelium (right) in a bronchus
Metaplasia is a change of one adult type of epithelium
into another type, here the epithelium lining the
respiratory tract is changed into squamous one
( squamous Metaplasia)
Barrett esophagus: Metaplastic transformation (arrow)
of the normal esophageal stratified squamous epithelium
(Lt) to mature columnar epithelium
Microscopically: liver showing accumulation of lipid vacuoles in
the cytoplasm of hepatocytes with the displacement of the nuclei
to the periphery
Diagnosis : fatty
changes of liver
The yellow-brown granular pigment seen in the hepatocytes here
is lipochrome (lipofuscin) which accumulates over time in
cells (particularly liver and heart) as a result of Lipofuscin
pigment "wear and tear" with aging.
Slide on the right The golden brown coarsely granular material in macrophages in this
alveolus is hemosiderin with congestion of alveolar capillaries
Diagnosis: heart failure cells
Slide on the left side : A Prussian blue reaction is seen in this iron stain of the
liver to demonstrate large amounts of hemosiderin that are present in
hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.
Slide on the left: The black streaks seen between lobules of lung beneath the
pleural surface are due to anthracotic
pigment
Slide on the right: showing black small pigments within the cytoplasm of
macrophages in hilar LN
Diagnosis: (carbon particles) anthracotic pigment
Dystrophic calcification affecting aortic valve,
which appears as multiple whitish nodules on the
surface of the valve cusps
At the far left is an artery with calcification in its wall. There are also irregular
bluish-purple deposits of calcium in the submucosa.
Diagnosis: dystrophic calcification at the base of gastric ulcer .
Dystrophic calcification of dead
parasite in the lung
There is basophilic to purple color deposit on the alveolar wall
Metastatic calcification in the lung of a patient with a very
high serum calcium level (hypercalcemia).