Transcript Immune System

Immune System
• The immune system is a very complex
biological defense system comprising many
structures and processes that protects
against diseases.
• The immune system must detect and
pathogens and distinguish them from the
organism's own healthy tissue.
Immune System
• The immune system can be classified into
innate immune system and the adaptive
immune system.
Innate Immune System
Adaptive Immune System
Trigger
Non-specific
Specific pathogens/antigen
Response
Time
Immediate
Delayed
Memory
No
Yes
Presence
Most living things
Jawed animals
Innate Immune System
• The innate immune system consist of:
• Physical and chemical barriers.
• Inflammation response (swelling, fever, pain,
increased blood flow).
• White blood cells that eat pathogens.
• NK (natural killer) cells that destroy sick cells.
Phagocyte eat pathogens
NK cells kill sick cells
Adaptive Immune System
• The adaptive immune system consist of
lymphocytes (white blood cells) that can be trained
to recognize, fight and memorize *specific*
pathogens.
• Pathogens are recognized by their foreign antigens
(fingerprints). Antigens trigger production of
antibodies that fight pathogens.
Antigen
Antibody
Adaptive Immune System
• B cells (from bone) produce antibody
(bombs) to attack pathogens.
• Killer T cells (from thymus) destroy
(terminate) sick cells that display foreign
antigens.
• A few B and T cells become memory cells.
B cell
Virus
Sick cell
Killer T cell
Disease Control
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Disease can be controlled by the following:
Isolation (quarantine etc)
Sanitation (washing, sewage system etc)
Vaccination
Medication
Eradication (killing mosquitoes etc)
Education
Vaccination
• Also called immunization.
• A vaccine injects inactivated or attenuated
pathogenic material into the body to train
the immune system to recognize and attack
the pathogen in the future.
• Vaccination is probably the best method to
control disease.
Immune System
Immune System
1) The _______ ______ is a very complex biological defense
system comprising many structures and processes that
protects against diseases.
1) The _______ ______ is a very complex biological defense
system comprising many structures and processes that
protects against diseases.
2) The immune system can be classified into ______ immune
system and the ________ immune system.
2) The immune system can be classified into ______ immune
system and the ________ immune system.
3) The innate immune system includes: Physical and chemical
________.
3) The innate immune system includes: Physical and chemical
________.
4) ____________ response (swelling, fever, pain, increased
blood flow).
4) ____________ response (swelling, fever, pain, increased
blood flow).
5) _____ _____ _____ that eat pathogens. And NK cells that kill
sick cells.
5) _____ _____ _____ that eat pathogens. And NK cells that kill
sick cells.
6) The adaptive immune system consist of lymphocytes (white
blood cells) that can be trained to _________ , _____ and
________ *specific* pathogens.
6) The adaptive immune system consist of lymphocytes (white
blood cells) that can be trained to _________ , _____ and
________ *specific* pathogens.
7) Pathogens are recognized by their foreign ________
(fingerprints). Antigens trigger production of __________
that fight pathogens.
7) Pathogens are recognized by their foreign ________
(fingerprints). Antigens trigger production of __________
that fight pathogens.
8) _______ (from bone) produce antibody (bombs) to attack
pathogens. ______ __ _____ (from thymus) destroy
(terminate) sick cells that display foreign antigens.
8) _______ (from bone) produce antibody (bombs) to attack
pathogens. ______ __ _____ (from thymus) destroy
(terminate) sick cells that display foreign antigens.
9) After a war, a few surviving B and T cells become ______
cells.
9) After a war, a few surviving B and T cells become ______
cells.
10)A vaccine injects ___________ or ___________ pathogenic
material into the body to train the immune system to
recognize and attack the pathogen in the future.
10)A vaccine injects ___________ or ___________ pathogenic
material into the body to train the immune system to
recognize and attack the pathogen in the future.
Name: __________
Date: ______
Quiz 6 (Bacteria and Viruses)
1) Which of the following is *NOT* a structure in a bacteria?
a) Pili b) Flagellum c) Capsule d) Nucleus e) Plasmid
2) Bacteria can get their food from:
a) Sunlight b) Organic compounds c) Inorganic compounds
Decaying matter e) All of the above
Name: __________
Date: ______
Quiz 6 (Bacteria and Viruses)
1) Which of the following is *NOT* a structure in a bacteria?
a) Pili b) Flagellum c) Capsule d) Nucleus e) Plasmid
d)
2) Bacteria can get their food from:
a) Sunlight b) Organic compounds c) Inorganic compounds
Decaying matter e) All of the above
d)
3) True or false? Most bacteria are beneficial and only a fraction cause
diseases. Many organisms, including humans, depend on bacteria to
survive.
3) True or false? Most bacteria are beneficial and only a fraction cause
diseases. Many organisms, including humans, depend on bacteria to
survive.
4) Which process below do not involve bacteria?
a) Decomposition b) Nitrogen fixation c) Photosynthesis
d) Fermentation e) Bioremediation
4) Which process below do not involve bacteria?
a) Decomposition b) Nitrogen fixation c) Photosynthesis
d) Fermentation e) Bioremediation
5) True or false? Antibiotics are chemicals that stop the growth or
reproduction of viruses.
5) True or false? Antibiotics are chemicals that stop the growth or
reproduction of viruses.
6) True or false? A virus can replicate on its own like a bacteria.
6) True or false? A virus can replicate on its own like a bacteria.
7) The cold virus can cause symptoms after an incubation period of ___ days.
The chicken pox virus ____ days.
7) The cold virus can cause symptoms after an incubation period of ___ days.
The chicken pox virus ____ days.
8) Diseases can be hard to treat because bacteria and viruses can
___________ quickly and evade detection, become resistant or infect new
species.
8) Diseases can be hard to treat because bacteria and viruses can
___________ quickly and evade detection, become resistant or infect new
species.
9) A ___________ is injected into the body to train the immune system to
recognize and defend against a specific virus or bacteria.
9) A ___________ is injected into the body to train the immune system to
recognize and defend against a specific virus or bacteria.
10)Which of the following is *NOT* a method of disease control?
a) Isolation b) Sanitation c) Vaccination d) Medication
e) Eradication f) Fermentation g) Education
10)Which of the following is *NOT* a method of disease control?
a) Isolation b) Sanitation c) Vaccination d) Medication
e) Eradication f) Fermentation g) Education