Transcript Cancer and Other Diseases - Waukee Community School District

• What do we already know or have heard about cancer?
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Tumors
Different types of cancer
Detection
Treatments
Autoimmune disease?
• READ pgs. 422-429 a
• ANSWER # 2, 3, and 5 on pg. 429
• A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth
• More than 1,000,000 are diagnosed with cancer every year
• Begins when the way the body normally repairs and maintains
itself breaks down.
• Controls that limit number of replacement cells stop working
• As your body produces more and more of these “faulty” cells
they begin to collect and form clumps…or tumors
• Malignant tumor
• Mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue
• Eventually damages vital organs
• Benign tumor
• Masses of cells that are not cancerous
• Abnormal, but usually harmless—do not invade, do not destroy
• Sometimes must be removed
• Cancer cells tear through and crush neighboring tissue, strangle
blood vessels and take nutrients that are needed by healthy
cells
• These dangerous cells travel…
• Metastasis
• Cancer cells enter blood or lymph, move to other parts of body and being
forming new tumors
normal cells divide uncontrollably
Cancer cells join to form a tumor
Cancer cells break away from the tumor and invade blood and
lymph vessels
The cancer cells then travel to other parts of the body and can
form new tumors
• Inherited genes
• Carcinogens
• Examples?
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Certain viruses (HPV, hepatitis)
Radioactivity, UV radiation
Chemicals found in tobacco smoke
Asbestos
Lifestyle
• Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unbalanced diet
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Breast-cancer of tissue of the breast (most common in women)
Prostate-part of male reproductive system
Respiratory-lungs, larynx, etc. (most linked to tobacco use)
Colon-organ in digestive system
Urinary-mostly bladder and kidney
Lymphoma-lymph nodes or lymph tissue
Skin-basal cell carcinoma, melanoma
Leukemia- tissue that produces blood (more common in males)
Ovarian-part of female reproductive system
Nervous system-brain, spinal cord, etc.
Cervical-part of female reproductive system
• Self-exams: skin
• Biopsy: sample of tissue taken from the body to be examined—to
determine what type of cancer, or malignant/benign tumor
• X-rays: (CAT scan, CT)
• MRI
• Blood and DNA tests:
• CAUTION
• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore that doesn’t heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or a lump anywhere in the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in wart or mole
• Nagging cough or horseness
• Most treatable when caught early
• Surgery: to remove tumors—small, has not spread, good
location
• Chemotherapy: drugs used to destroy cancer cells
• Also kills healthy cells, side effects-nausea, fatigue, vomiting, hair loss
• Radiation: destroy cancer cells with beam of radiation
• Combo of surgery, chemo, and radiation
• “starving” tumors through blood supply
• “vaccine” to stimulate immune system to destroy cancer cells
• The heart, blood vessels, and blood make what body system?
• Blood Vessels-narrow tubes that run throughout the body for
transportation for blood, oxygen, nutrients
• Arteries, capillaries, veins
• READ pgs. 414-421
• ANSWER # 1, 2, 5, and 6 on pg. 421
• Arteriosclerosis: the walls of the arteries thicken, harden, and
become inflexible—leads to high blood pressure and heart
disease
• Hypertension: high blood pressure (the force that blood exerts
against the walls of arteries as the blood is pumped out of the
heart
• Stroke: blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted—kills
brain cells
• Coronary Artery Disease: arteries that carry blood to the heart
become narrow or blocked
• Heart Attack: coronary arteries become blocked and restrict
blood flow to the heart, causing the heart to beat irregularly
and inefficiently
• Congestive Heart Failure: heart becomes too weak to pump
blood effectively
• How do we treat heart disease?
• Abnormal chromosomes or defective genes inherited from one
or both parents
• Huntington’s disease
• Inherited, leads to degeneration of brain cells
• Involuntary movements, mood swings, depression, irritability, inability to
remember facts
• No cure, meds to control symptoms
• Sickle cell anemia
• Inherited, body produces defective hemoglobin
• Fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, pain, infections, stroke
• No cure, meds to treat pain, blood transfusion
• Hemophilia
• Inherited, produces little or none of the blood proteins needed for clotting
• Severe bruising, excessive bleeding after a simple cut, hemorrhaging
• No cure, blood transfusion, blood clotting proteins
• Cystic Fibrosis
• Inherited, mucous glands—affects respiratory and digestive system
• Difficulty breathing, cough, accumulation of mucus in intestines and lungs,
infections
• No cure, meds to treat symptoms
• The immune system attacks the cells of the body that the immune
system normally protects
• Chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar
into energy
• Body is unable to regulate its level of glucose
• Tx-medicine, healthy eating, exercise.
• If it’s not treated, can lead to blindness, kidney failure, amputation, heart
disease, stroke, and even death (acidosis)
• READ pgs. 431-432
• ANSWER #2 on pg. 435
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Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Vision changes
Tingling in hands and feet
Sleepy
Sores that are slow to heal
More infections than usual
• Unknown cause…maybe genetic or environmental trigger (virus)
that causes immune system to attack itself
• 5-10% of all diabetes cases
• Pancreas, organ that gives insulin is destroyed by the immune
system.
• Body does not produce enough insulin, sugar collects in blood,
and body parts don’t get energy they need.
• Tx-take daily insulin to get body to work right
• http://vimeo.com/9768817
• 90-95% of all cases
• Often times caused by obesity and inactiveness, most recently in
kids
• Body is unable to use insulin properly (insulin-resistant) or may
not have enough insulin in the body. Therefore, sugar builds up
in the blood and can lead to serious health problems
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Osn9kruBn8
• Abnormal, destructive immune response
Causes
• Allergen: substances that trigger an allergic reaction
• Local allergies: affect a specific part of the body
• Systemic allergy: affect entire body
• Anaphylaxis: lungs fill with fluid and air passages constrict
• EpiPen
• Chronic disease of the respiratory system—air passages
constrict and fill with mucus
Causes
• Heredity, environment, allergies
• Inflammation of the joints
• Osteoarthritis: most common, wearing down of cartilage that
pads the bones (NOT autoimmune!)
• Rheumatoid: immune system attacks and damages joints
600,000 people die of heart disease every year in the US. Many
of those deaths could be prevented if people made simple
lifestyle changes.
Get a partner (or work individually) and create a pamphlet
explaining the risk factors for heart disease and how people can
reduce their risk.
Include information about a person’s diet, exercise habits, and
smoking habits.
Try to include both text and visuals in your pamphlet.