Transcript The Immune System - Mercer Island School District

The Immune System
Catherine S., Colton L., Jonah A.,
Sophie H.
What does the Immune System do?
The essential function is to protect the body from outside organisms and
diseases. This system is comprised of a variety of cells and a series of organs
that keep running continuously. The immune system protects the body from
disease by either purging the body of the unhealthy cells or by destroying them.
What is in the immune system
The skin acts as a barrier, a kind of sheath,
made of several layers of cells and their related
glands. The skin is a dynamic organ that
contains different cells which contains
elements of the innate and the adaptive immune
system which are activated when the tissue is
under attack by invading pathogens.
White blood cells, also called leukocytes or
leukocytes, are the cells of the immune system
that are involved in protecting the body against
both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All
white blood cells are produced and derived from
a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as
a hematopoietic stem cell.
Types and Purposes of White Blood Cells
Types: Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Neutrophils fight off bacterial or fungal infections, acting as the first responders.
Basophils are responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing a chemical histamine.
Eosinophils are mainly responsible for parasitic infections. They are also the predominant
inflammatory cells in allergic reactions.
Lymphocytes produce antibodies that attack disease and destroy the cells that are infected with
viruses and disease.
Monocytes can swallow a particle whole by drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm acting
as a “vacuum cleaner” or phagocytosis function
Homeostasis in the Immune system
The immune system maintains homeostasis by not allowing pathogens- or
harmful foreign contaminants- to disrupt other systems homeostasis with
infection. It maintains this by fighting infections with innate immunity and
acquired immunity.
Antigens and Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins that destroy pathogens
and are made by B-Cells. They can bind to the
pathogens membrane proteins, clump the
pathogens together to make them easier for
another cell to destroy, or they can activate
complement proteins that weaken the invading
pathogens membrane.
Antigens are markers on cells and viruses that
are mades out of protein and allow the
antibodies to identify and destroy the pathogen.
Innate vs. Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity
Innate Immunity is the body's nonspecific
defense against pathogens that serve as a
blanket protection without looking to target any
specifically harmful particle.
Acquired Immunity is when the body and the
white blood cells in it remember a problematic
pathogen the first time it enters the body then
the second time it can more readily find and
keep it from becoming harmful.
Immune system and the Cardiovascular system
The Immune system’s white blood cells exist within the veins and arteries of the
CardioVascular System allowing for quick transport for the white blood cells and
protection for the cardiovascular system which without the cardiovascular
system wouldn’t function.
How a Vaccine Works
How Vaccines Work: Vaccines work by
introducing a weakened form of antigen into the
bloodstream and allowing the white blood cells
to recognize it and produce antibodies to
protect against the disease, despite the fact that
it is not a threat at the time. Then if the disease
ever infects again the white blood cells
recognize the disease as harmful and can
defend the body from it. Vaccines work to
provide adaptive immunity.
How Vaccines don’t work: They give kids autism
Celiac Disease
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that
can occur in genetically predisposed people
where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage
An autoimmune disease develops when your
immune system, which defends your body
against disease, decides your healthy cells are
foreign. As a result, your immune system
attacks healthy cells. Depending on the type, an
autoimmune disease can affect one or many
different types of body tissue. It can also cause
abnormal organ growth and changes in organ
function.
in the small intestine. It is estimated to affect 1
in 100 people worldwide. When people with
celiac disease eat gluten (a protein found in
wheat, rye and barley), their body mounts an
immune response that attacks the small
intestine. These attacks lead to damage on the
villi, small fingerlike projections that line the
small intestine, that promote nutrient
absorption. When the villi get damaged,
nutrients cannot be absorbed properly into the
body.
Hiv/Aids
HIV stand for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
and it is a retrovirus - a virus with RNA - that
specifically attacks the immune system. HIV is
transmitted through blood and other bodily
fluids only. As the HIV is transmitted it infiltrates
the t-cells- a type of white blood cells- so the
patient's immune system can’t fight the disease
or other diseases.When the patients t-cell count
is low enough HIV is then classified as AIDS or
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
Sources
Holt McDougal Biology textbook
https://www.reference.com/science/immune-system-maintain-homeostasis-144209be53a0bdd8
https://celiac.org/live-gluten-free/glutenfreediet/what-is-gluten/
https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/cardiovascularsystem-blood-17/white-blood-cells-166/wbc-function-832-4473/
https://celiac.org
https://prezi.com/tmnpnxjipx9r/immune-and-circulatory-system/