Transcript The Structure and Function of Blood

Do Now 3/16/15
1. List at least 3 things transported throughout
the body by the blood.
2. Describe at least 2 ways the blood regulates
the body.
3. Of the blood samples pictured, determine
which is oxygenated and which is
deoxygenated. Describe how you know.
Leukocytes & Platelets
Types of White Blood Cells
• Leukocytes
— White Blood Cells or WBCs
— Largest sized blood cells
— Lowest numbers in the blood
(4,500 – 11,000 per microliter)
= 1% of formed elements
— Formed in the bone marrow and
some in the lymph glands
— Primary cells of the immune system
— Fights disease and foreign invaders
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Types of White Blood Cells
• White blood cells
— Contain nuclei with DNA,
the shape depends on the type of cell
— Certain WBCs produce antibodies
— Life span is from 24 hours to several years
—Size is 8-20 micrometers
— There are five different types of WBCs
1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils
4) Lymphocytes
5) Monocytes
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Types of White Blood Cells
• Leukocytes can be divided into two groups.
1) Granulocytes
— Contain granules; inclusions in their cytoplasm
— Usually have lobulated or segmented nuclei
— Neutrophils
— Basophils
— Eosinophils
2) Agranulocytes
— Do not contain granules
— Do not have lobulated or segmented nuclei
— Monocytes
— Lymphocytes
Types of White Blood Cells
• Neutrophils
— Account for the highest amount of WBCs [~60%]
— Fight off bacterial invaders
— Fight off fungal invaders
— Take part in phagocytosis
•
Neutrophils look like…..
— Nucleus is divided into 2 to 5 segments and stains dark purple (multi-lobed nucleus)
— Cytoplasm is pale pink to tan with fine pink-purple granules
• When do you see them?
— High numbers during bacterial infections and inflammation
— Present in pus
Types of White Blood Cells
• Eosinophils
— Fight off parasitic worm and flukes
— Important in allergic reactions
— ~ 3 % of WBCs in the blood
• Eosinophils look like…..
— Nucleus is divided into 2 segments
— Cytoplasm is pale pink to tan with large
orange and red granules
• When do you see them?
— High numbers with parasitic infections
Types of White Blood Cells
• Basophils
— Releases histamine in response to an allergic reaction
— Seen with inflammation
— Lowest number of WBCs in blood [<1%]
• Basophils look like…..
— Nucleus has 2 lobes that stains purple
and is difficult to see
— Cytoplasm is pale pink –tan but contains
large purple/blue-black granules
• When do you see them?
— High numbers during allergic reactions
— High numbers during inflammatory reactions
Types of White Blood Cells
• Monocyte
— Search for bacteria and viruses
— Participate in phagocytosis
— Largest of the white blood cells
— ~ 6 % of WBCs in the blood
•
Monocytes look like…..
— Singular nucleus (convoluted shape);
kidney shaped, bean shaped, or
horseshoe shaped with a deep indentation
— Vacuoles are sometimes present
• When do you see them?
— High numbers during bacterial and viral infections
Types of White Blood Cells
• Lymphocyte
— Fight viral infections
— Some produce and secrete antibodies
— 2nd most common WBC in blood
— ~ 30 % of WBCs in the blood
•
Lymphocytes look like…..
— Large, dark staining nucleus, round or oval
— Little to no cytoplasm, blue in color
— Occasional purple-reddish granules
• When do you see them?
— High numbers during viral infections
Platelets
• Platelets (Thrombocytes)
— Not considered a WBC
— Function in hemostasis
•
Platelets look like…..
— Small about 2-3 micrometers in diameter
— Fragments
— Stains bluish and usually contains small
reddish-purple granules
— Oval or round but can have spiny projections
—Normal is between 7-20 per field