Transcript Diapositiva 1

Immune Escape of Tumors:
Responses and Resistance Tumors
In The Immune System
Group : 6
Erona Wafaretta (115090100111008)
Triesha Retno Astari (115090107111008)
TUMOR
• Tumor can means swelling or hardening of cell .
• Tumor is all kind of enlargement or harderer that
formed from neoplasm and can causes of
unnormality development . Cell will unnormality
and can’t be coordinated , that will caused tumor
in that cell and uncontroled poliferation.
TUMOR
Abnormality Situation
Hiperplasia
Displasia
Neoplasia
• Curent state of normal cell in tissue growth into
uncountable cell in individu’s body.
• Curent state of cell develop abnormality and usually seen
have modification in that nucleus. In this step , cell’s
nucleus have many variated , wich mitotic activity higher
and become differentiated cell in tissue.
• Curent state of cell in tissue that did unormality
poliferation and have intensife character.
Causative Factor Of Tumors
Environment Factor
Ex : Virus, diet, UV, Radiation, etc.
Genetically Factor
• Tumor form of two kind situation , they
are promoter and inisiator
Kind of Tumor
Malignant Tumors
Benign Tumors
characteristics :
- Bumper has membrane
- Cell growth as same as cell
normall
- Always growth without injure
another cell
- Growth slowly
- Can’t have seed cell tumors
characteristics:
- Bumper didn’t have any
membrane
- Cell growth with differentiation
from cell normal.
- Growth fast
- Can injure another cell
- Can loose and enter in blood
vessel and limfe glands .
- Can make seed cell tumor
Mechanism of Responses Immune
TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Numerous tumor antigens have been identified that can be
recognized by T cells. Some of these antigens are expressed
exclusively by tumors and thus are called tumors pecific
antigens. These antigens arise from mutations or
translocations of normal cellular genes
• The mutations may be involved directly in carcinogenesis.
Another group of antigens are the tumor-associated antigens
that are not only expressed by tumor cells, but are also
expressed by other cells of the body.
TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
the danger
model
the concept
of
immunosurvei
llance
Two different
models for the
immune response
to tumors
TUMORS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
• Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system
also play an important role in immune surveillance of
tumors
• NK cells kill MHC class I deficient cells a phenomenon
that is part of the “missing self” hypothesis. The activity
of NK cells is controlled by a balance of potentials (+/-)
signals. Engagement of inhibitory receptors by MHC
class I molecules blocks activation signals
TUMOR IMMUNE ESCAPE MECHANISMS
• Despite presentation of antigens by malignant cells
and the presence of immune cells that could
potentially react against these cells, in many cases
the immune system does not get activated but
“ignores” the tumor.
• Growth of antigenic tumors in the presence of potent
immune cells cannot be explained by immunological
ignorance alone. A major goal of cancer
immunotherapy is to generate an anti-tumor immune
response
TUMOR IMMUNE ESCAPE MECHANISMS
Cell Tumor
Resistance
from
Immune
Healing for Tumor’s Patient
Surgery
Imunoteraphy
Chemoteraphy
Conclusions
• Research in tumor immunology has provided a
wealth of information about the interactions between
tumors and the immune system. Many of these
interactions are now not only known on a cellular, but
also on a molecular level.
• Despite this knowledge, cancer immunotherapy,
surgery and chemotherapy still is not an established
treatment in the clinic. Many approaches may fail
because tumors use multiple mechanisms to become
resistant to the immune system.