Transcript Chapter Fourteen Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Chapter Fourteen
Lymphatic and
Immune Systems
Chapter 14
In this chapter you will
Identify the structures and analyze terms
related to the lymphatic system.
Learn terms that describe the basic
elements of the immune system.
Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper context.
Lymph
Watery fluid that surrounds body cells and
flows in a system of lymph vessels
Contains WBCs, lymphocytes and
monocytes.
Contains water, salts, sugars, and waste
products of metabolism.
Lymph Nodes
Clusters of lymph tissues.
Functions of lymph system



Transports proteins back to blood
Absorb fats and transport back to blood
Important role is immune system
Introduction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BX8fBl
me9vQ
Interstitial fluid and lymph
capillaries – page 547
Figure 14-2 p. 547 – Blood and
lymph circulation
SPLEEN – page 550
• Destroys old red blood cells.
• Filters microorganisms and
other foreign material out of
the blood.
• Activates lymphocytes
during
blood filtration. B cells
produce antibodies.
• Stores blood, especially
erythrocytes (RBCs) and
platelets
Specialized Lymphatic Organs:
organs composed of lymph tissue
Thymus gland


Located in the upper mediastinum between
the lungs
Secretes a hormone called thymosin which
stimulates the bone marrow to produce T
lymphocytes, which are important in the
immune response
THYMUS GLAND – page 550
• Provides immunity in fetal
life
and in early years of
growth.
• Makes cells
immunocompetent
in early life.
• Early removal from an
animal
impairs its ability to make
antibodies and produce
cells to
fight antigens.
Specialized Lymphatic Organs:
organs composed of lymph tissue
Tonsils

Help protect against bacteria and other
harmful substances that may enter the body
through the nose or mouth
The Immune System
Types of Immunity – page 551
Immune Response – page 533
B lymphocytes are responsible for
humoral immunity.


originate in bone marrow from stem cells
transform into plasma cells to produce
immunoglobulins, antibodies that neutralize
antigens
Immune Response (cont’d)
T lymphocytes are responsible for cellmediated immunity. The function of T cells
varies:
 Cytotoxic T cells (T8 cells) attach to and
attack antigens.
 Other T cells secrete interferons and
interleukins that help cells respond to
antigens.
 Helper T cells promote antibody synthesis
by B cells and stimulate other T cells.
 Suppressor T cells inhibit B and T cells.
The Immune Response
Immunotherapy Examples
Vaccines: killed tumor cells produce cytokines
that enhance the immune response
Dendritic cells: cultured and exposed outside
body and reinfused
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb): multiple
copies of cells or genes that kill tumor cells
Donor lymphocyte infusions: T cells, infused
after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow
transplant, attack tumor (leukemia treatment)
Vocabulary – pages 554-555
Adenoids – mass of lymphatic tissue in
nasopharynx
Antibody – Protein produced by b cell
lymphocytes to destroy antigens
Antigen – substance body recognizes as
foreign.
Vocabulary
Cervical nodes – lymph nodes in neck
region.
Inguinal nodes – lymph nodes in the groin
region.
Lymph – thin watery fluid found in
lymphatic vessels
Review Vocabulary Words
Lymphatic and Immune
Systems Combining
Forms and prefixes
p. 556 - 557
COMBINING FORMS
immun/o
lymph/o
lymphaden/o
splen/o
thym/o
tox/o
protection
lymph
lymph node
spleen
thymus gland
poison
PREFIXES
PREFIXES
Prefix
Meaning
ana-
again, anew
inter-
between
Terminology
autoimmune diseases
Auto
immun/o: protection
Self protection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0
mz33fLJGwQ
immunoglobulin
immun/o - protection
Globulin - protein
Protection protein
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H
NP1EAYLhOs
Immunosuppression
immun/o
-suppression: to stop
To stop protection
lymphopoiesis
lymph/o: lymph
-poiesis: formation
Formation of lymph
lymphedema
lymph/o: lymph
-edema: swelling
lymph swelling
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gtx7Biosioc
lymphocytopenia
lymph/o - lymph
cyt/o - cell
-penia - deficiency
Deficiency of lymph cells in the
blood.
lymphocytosis
lymph/o: lymph
-cytosis: increase in numbers of cells
An increase in numbers of
lymphocytes.
lymphoid
lymph/o
-oid: resembling
Derived from lymph.

Lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen,
and thymus gland
lymphadenopathy
lymphaden/o: lymph node (gland)
-pathy – disease condition
Disease condition of lymph nodes.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzvbPnoqxQo
lymphadenitis
lymphaden/o – lymph node
-itis - inflammation
Inflammation of lymph nodes.
splenomegaly
splen/o: spleen
-megaly - enlargement
Enlargement of the spleen
splenectomy
splen/o
-ectomy
Removal of the spleen.
hypersplenism
hyper- excessive
splen/o - spleen
-ism – condition of
Condition of excessive spleen

A syndrome marked by splenomegaly
(associated with anemia, leukopenia and
thrombocytopenia).
thymoma
thym/o: thymus gland
-oma
Tumor of the thymus gland


Malignant
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYg
yL0_-t0Q
thymectomy
thym/o
-ectomy
Removal of the thymus gland.
toxic
tox/o: poison
-ic
Pertaining to poison.
anaphylaxis
ana-: away from, backward, up, apart
-phylaxis: protection
Away from protection


An exaggerated, life-threatening,
hypersensitivity reaction to foreign
proteins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTcL7
u05aUU
interstitial fluid
inter-: between
-stitial: pertaining to standing or
positioned
Pertaining to fluid that is positioned
between (body cells)

Eventually becomes lymph fluid
Disorders of the Lymphatic and
Immune Systems
Immunodeficiency
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)



destroys T helper cells (CD4+ cells)
opportunistic infections
malignancies
(Kaposi sarcoma, Wasting syndrome)
Kaposi Sarcoma
Opportunistic Infections with
AIDS – Page 558
Candidiasis
Cryptococcus (Crypto)
Cryptosporidiosis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Herpes simplex
Histoplasmosis (Histo)
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI)
infection
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Toxoplasmosis (Toxo)
Tuberculosis (TB)
HYPERSENSITIVITY –
page 560
Allergy: abnormal sensitivity acquired by
exposure to antigen


Ranges from
allergic rhinitis or hay fever to anaphylaxis
Other allergies:
atopic dermatitis
asthma
urticaria (hives)
Atopic Dermatitis
MALIGNANCIES – page 560
Lymphoma: malignant tumor of
lymph nodes and lymph tissue


Hodgkin disease (Reed-Sternberg
cell)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (follicular
lymphoma, large cell lymphoma)
Multiple myeloma: malignant
tumor of bone marrow cells
Thymoma: malignant tumor of
the thymus
Staging of Hodgkin Disease
QUICK QUIZ:
3. What is a malignant
condition associated with
AIDS?
A.anaphylaxis
B.non-Hodgkin lymphoma
C.Kaposi sarcoma
D.Hodgkin disease
Abbreviations – p. 563
AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
CD4+

Protein on T-cell helper lymphocyte that is
infected with HIV in AIDS
ELISA


Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Test to detect anti-HIV antibodies
Abbreviations
HIV


Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Causes AIDS
PCP


Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Opportunistic AIDS-related infection
T4

T-cell lymphocyte that is destroyed by the
AIDS virus (helper T cells)
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Suffix
axill/o
cervic/o
Meaning
armpit
neck; cervix (neck of
uterus)
immun/o
immune;protection;safe
inguin/o
lymph/o
lymphaden/o
groin
lymph
lymph gland (node)
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Suffix
splen/o
thym/o
tox/o
Meaning
spleen
thymus gland
poison
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-cytosis
condition of cells; slight
increase in numbers
-edema
-globulin
-megaly
-oid
-pathy
swelling
protein
enlargement
resembling
disease; emotion
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-penia
-phylaxis
-poiesis
-stitial
Meaning
deficiency
protection
formation
or
to set; pertaining to standing
positioned
-suppression
to stop
REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Suffix
anaautohyperinterretro-
Meaning
up; apart; backward; again; anew
self; own
above; excessive
between
behind; back; backward
QUICK QUIZ:
4. What is the fluid that lies
between cells throughout
the body?
A.
B.
C.
D.
atopy
lymphadema
interstitial
lymphopoiesis
The End