Transcript 4_28_15-PBS-Day 8 - Kenwood Academy High School

Do Now—4.28.15
 What
is the largest organ humans
have?
Do Now—4.28.15
 What
is the largest organ humans
have?
 Skin
Five points toward
Summative Category
Career Journal Extra Credit—
Typed Hard Copy due Monday
Complete a
career journal
for a
microbiologist
, lab
technician, or
an
APPROVED
profession.
Unit 5: Infectious Diseases
5.1.6:Lines of Defense
Objective
 SWBAT
compare and contrast
nonspecific and specific defense
mechanisms.
True or False
True or False
1. Antibiotics can be used to treat a cold.
2. Doctors can check your lymph nodes to see if
you are sick.
3. Vaccines can be used to prevent an infection.
4. Antibiotics contain antibodies.
5. Viruses are alive.
6. HIV can be cured.
7. The lymphatic system has over 500 structures.
True or False
True or False: T = 2, 3, 7. F = 1, 4. T/F = 5, 6.
1. Antibiotics can be used to treat a cold.
2. Doctors can check your lymph nodes to see if
you are sick.
3. Vaccines can be used to prevent an infection.
4. Antibiotics contain antibodies.
5. Viruses are alive.
6. HIV can be cured.
7. The lymphatic system has over 500 structures.
5.1.6: Lines of Defense
Terms
 Pathogen:
infectious agent
Terms
 Pathogen:
infectious agent
 Antigen: substance that causes
antibodies to be produced
Terms
 Pathogen:
infectious agent
 Antigen: substance that causes
antibodies to be produced
 Antibody (Immunoglobulin): protein
produced by B cells to inactivate an
antigen (stop them from making the
body sick).
Lymphatic (immune) System
 The
lymphatic (immune) system
protects the body against pathogens.
 There are three basic lines of
defense.
1) Nonspecific external barriers
2) Nonspecific internal barriers
3) Specific barriers
Lymphatic (immune) System
 The
nonspecific barrier does not have
to recognize a particular invader to
protect against it.
Nonspecific
External Barriers
 Nonspecific
external barriers
– Skin is a physical nonspecific external
barrier that blocks pathogen entry and
suppresses microbe growth.
Nonspecific
External Barriers
 Nonspecific
external barriers
– Skin is a physical nonspecific external
barrier that blocks pathogen entry and
suppresses microbe growth.
– Nose hair/Mucus membranes are
external mechanical barriers. Mucus
traps pathogens and has antibacterial
enzymes to kill pathogens.
How do pathogens enter the body?
How do pathogens enter the body?
 Breaks
in the skin (cut / splinter / etc.)
 Mouth, ears, eyes, nose, genital,
urinary, & anal openings.
Nonspecific
Internal Barriers
 Nonspecific
internal barriers
– WBC/Phagocytic Cells: ingest dead
cells, cellular debris, and microbes by
phagocytosis.
(think of them like Pac Man)
Nonspecific
Internal Barriers
 Nonspecific
internal barriers
– Inflammation: attracts phagocytic cells
and promotes blood flow and clotting.
Histamine attracts WBCs, the
cytokines released by the WBCs
attract even more WBCs. The
histamine causes tissue to be red,
swollen, painful, and warm.
Nonspecific
Internal Barriers
 Nonspecific
internal barriers
– Inflammation: attracts phagocytic cells
and promotes clotting. Histamine is
produced by damaged cells. The
histamine causes tissue to be red,
swollen, painful, and warm.
Specific Immune Response
A
specific immune response is when
lymphocytes (B and T cells) respond to
particular pathogens in the body.
– Cell-mediated response (T cells)
– Antibody-mediated response (B cells)
Specific Immune Response:
Cell-mediated response
 Cell-mediated
response (T cells)
– Macrophages present antigens to
Helper T (CD8) cells, which causes
activation of B cells and Cytotoxic
(CD4/Killer) T cells. Cytotoxic T cells
kills infected cells.
Specific Immune Response:
Antibody-mediated response
 The
Helper T cell causes activation of
the complementary B cell. B cells can
also activate themselves. This B cell
proliferates and differentiates into
plasma B cells and Memory B cells.
Specific Immune Response:
Antibody-mediated response
 The
Helper T cell causes activation of
the complementary B cell. B cells can
also activate themselves. This B cell
proliferates and differentiates into
plasma B cells and Memory B cells.
 Plasma B cells make antibodies.
 Memory B cells remember/recognize
specific antigens in the future (mount
faster response)
Exit Slip
 In
your own words, what is the
difference between specific and
nonspecific immunity?
5.1.6: Lines of Defense
Homework
 None.