Transcript introduction to white blood cells

INTRODUCTION TO WHITE
BLOOD CELLS
developed by
Liz Fracalanza
Tina Goodyear
Hugh B. Fackrell
Dept of Biological Sciences
University of Windsor
Windsor, ON Canada
OBJECTIVES
To examine the formed
elements of blood
To define the structure and
function of the cellular
elements
To differentiate between
the various blood cells
Introduction
Blood may be separated
into a clear fluid
composed of either serum
or plasma and formed
elements which contain
cells and cell fragments
Next
Formed Elements of Blood
Leucocytes (white blood
cells)
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Frequency of W.B.C in
Human Blood
WBC
neutrophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
eosinophil
basophil
%
54-69
25-33
3-7
1-3
0-0.75
number/mm3
2700-6900
1250-3300
150-700
50-300
0-75
Next
Structure and function of the
cellular elements
NEUTROPHILS
Characteristics
Ultrastructure
Functions
Distribution
Neutrophil Characteristics
Diameter
:9 -16um
Cytoplasm :pink
Nucleus
:2-5 lobes,dark blue
Life-span :5 days
Granules :present(not visible)
Next
Next
Neutrophil Functions
Respond chemotactically to
various stimuli
(complement, lymphokines
and bacterial membrane
components)
Phagocytosis of foreign
particles and microbes
NEXT
Distribution of Neutrophils
Approximately one-half of
the neutrophils found in the
body are attached to the
endothelial lining of the
blood vessels, poised to
cross the blood vessel wall
and attack an infection
Next
EOSINOPHILS
Light microscopy
Ultra structure
Functions
Eosinophil Characteristics
 Diameter
:
 Cytoplasm :
 Nucleus
:
 Life-span :
 Granules :
10 - 15 um
pink-grey
purple, bi-lobed
1 day
Many, large, bright orange/red
NEXT
Eosinophil Ultrastructure
Eosinophil Function
Chemotactic response to
complement, antibodies and
histamine
Active against parasites by
phagocytosis and secretion
of granular contents
next
BASOPHILS
Characteristics
Ultrastructure
Functions
Basophil Characteristics
Diameter
:10 -15 um
Cytoplasm :basophilic (blue)
Nucleus
:not usually seen
may be lobed
Granules :many, large,
dark purple,
covers nucleus
next
Basophil EM
Basophil Ultrastructure
Basophil Functions
 Secretes substances during an
allergic reaction
 Secretes large amounts of
heparin, which is an anticoagulant
Secretes histamine, which
participates in constriction of
the blood vessels, bronchioles and
intestines
next
LARGE LYMPHOCYTES
Large Lymphocyte Characteristics
Diameter
:10 - 18 um
Cytoplasm :sky-blue - deep-blue
may be vacuolated
Nucleus
:mono-nuclear,
dense chromatin, dark blue
Granules
:
may be few
Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 1:1
SMALL LYMPHOCYTES
Small Lymphocyte Characteristics
Diameter
:
Cytoplasm :
Nucleus
:
Life-span :
Granules :
6-10 um
sky-blue - dark-blue
round, oval, blue
about 10 years
none - few
Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 4:1
Lymphocyte Ultrastructure
Lymphocyte Function
Lymphocytes can behave as one of
three major cell types:
1.
T lymphocytes
2.
B lymphocytes
3.
Natural Killer cells
T LYMPHOCYTES
 Helper T Cells
Cytotoxic T cells
T cell Ultrastructure
Helper T lymphocytes
aids in stimulation of antibody
production by B-lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Destroy invading cells or
cancer cells by direct
contact.
Induce apoptosis
B Lymphocytes
production and
secretion of
antibodies
participation in
“memory immunity”
once transformed
into a plasma cell,
it contains more
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Plasma Cell
Natural Killer Cells
Directly destroys virally
infected cells and tumour
cells
Null Cell
MONOCYTES
Monocyte Characteristics
Diameter
:12-20um
Cytoplasm :light grey-blue,
may be vacuolated
Nucleus
:purple, patchy
(mesh-like)
Life-span :3 days
Granules :fine May not be
visible)
Nucleus : Cytoplasm (N:C) : 1:1
next
Monocyte Functions
Phagocytosis - ingests and
destroys fungi, bacteria and
damanged or degenerated cells
Stimulates the immune response by
presenting the products of
phagocytosis to lymphocytes
Attracts neutrophils to the
damaged site by secreting chemical
attractants
Aids in maintenance of blood
vessels
next
Monocyte Ultrastructure