Transcript 31.3 Immune Responses

Set
Cornell Notesand
on pg.
31.1upPathogens
Human Illness
63
31.3 Ions,
The Immune Response
2.1 Atoms,
and Molecules
•Topic: 31.3 Immune
Response
•Essential Question(s):
1. How does inflammation
help the immune system
to fight pathogens?
2. Summarize: Explain
how the proteins on the
surface of WBC and
pathogens interact to
produce an immune
response.
KEY CONCEPT
The immune system has
many responses to
pathogens and foreign
cells.
RABBIT ISLAND CASE
STUDY QUESTIONS
DUE TOMORROW
31.3 Immune Responses
KEY CONCEPT
The immune system has many responses to
pathogens and foreign cells.
31.3 Immune Responses
• Your body responds to pathogens in several different
ways:
– Your skin may swell and itch
– Your immune system attacks the pathogens that
entered your skin
31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness
• White Blood Cell Videos 1 & 2
(6 mins)
31.3 Immune Responses
1. Inflammation, blood vessels become leaky.
– white blood cells move
toward infection and
damaged tissue
extracellular
space
capillary wall
white blood cell
– characterized by
swelling, redness,
and pain
31.3 Immune Responses
2. In Fever, body temperature increases
– Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature.
– High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even
death.
31.3 Immune Responses
– Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens.
- Each pathogen has a different antigen.
- Help the immune system identify a foreign cell
or virus (like a face)
antigens
virus
31.3 Immune Responses
• Memory cells- specialized T and B cells that provide
acquired immunity because they “remember” an
antigen that has previously invaded your body
– Next time they come across the same pathogen they
destroy it before you get sick
B cell
T cell
31.3 Immune Responses
The immune system rejects foreign tissues.
• Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants
– is the result of an immune response
– immune system detects protein markers on the donor
tissue
– makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
KEY CONCEPT
An overactive immune system can make the body very
unhealthy.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
What is an allergy?
• An allergy is a response to a harmless antigen.
– cause an allergic reaction.
– cause inflammation responses.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
• There are many different allergens.
– food, e.g. peanuts,
milk, wheat, etc.
– airborne, e.g. pollen,
dust mite feces, mold,
etc.
– chemical, e.g. nickel,
medicine, bee stings,
etc.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
• Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock)
– Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response.
– Blood vessels and airways become too porous.
– If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
In autoimmune diseases, white blood cells attack the
body’s healthy cells.
• Autoimmune diseases are failures of the immune system.
– White blood cells cannot recognize healthy cells.
– White blood cells attack healthy body cells.
– Tissues fail because of attack.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
• There are over 60 autoimmune diseases.
31.3 Immune Responses
Pg. 62
Body Story: Out of Control
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22mins
What does the wasp venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells?
How do the affected mast cells react to the venom?
What are the side effects of Histamine?
Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp
sting?
What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her
interaction with Spike the dog?
What mistake did the B-Cells make?
What is anaphylactic shock?
What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
31.3
Immune
1. What
does the waspResponses
venom do to Phoebe’s skin cells?
• Pumps venom into her skin and kills her skin cells and triggers pain nerves
2. How do the affected mast cells react to the venom?
• Discharge histamine- Blood vessels expand and fluid leaks out into the damaged area
with antibodies
3. What are the side effects of Histamine?
• Build up of fluid=Inflammation- red/hot/swollen
4. Why does Phoebe not have any antibodies against a wasp sting?
• She has never been stung by a wasp before= no antibodies. Her body must make them
from scratch
5. What happens when Phoebe’s mast cells burst after her interaction with Spike the dog?
• Erupt and pour out histamine= Runny Nose/allergies (designed to wash a parasite away)
6. What mistake did the B-Cells make?
• Mistakes the wasp venom for a parasite- They make “E” antibodies which will make her
allergic to wasps
7. What is anaphylactic shock?
• Extreme allergic reaction
8. What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?
• Thousands of mast cells erupt/fluid pours out all over skin=hives/she itches all
over=scratch off a parasite/blood pressure drops/Breathing problems/Heart beat
increases