Transcript Psychological Aspects of Physical Disorders

Psychological Aspects of
Physical Disorders

DSM-IV and Physical Disorders
 Coded
on Axis III
 Recognize that psychological factors can affect
medical conditions

Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Factors
 Major

contributors to medical illness and disease
Examples include STDs, cancer, cardiovascular diseases
Psychological, Behavioral, and
Social Aspects of Health

Two Primary Paths
 Psychological
factors can influence basic
biological processes
 Behavior patterns may put people at risk for
disease

50% of the Leading Causes of Death in
the U.S. Are Linked to Behavior Patterns
Stress

Definition
 Behavioral
and Physiological Response
 Key Role of Perception

Effects
General Adaptation Syndrome
ALARM
EXHAUSTION
RESISTANCE
Factors Affecting
Response to Stress
Interpretation of Stressors
 A Sense of Control
 Coping Skills
 Self-Efficacy
 Health and Wellness Behaviors
 Social Support
 Immune System Functioning

Immune System

Immune System Function
 Identifies
and Kills Antigen Invaders
 Identifies and Kills Body’s Own Cells
Stress and the
Immune System
Lowers Immune System Functioning
 Increases the Risk of Infection
 Effects are Often Rapid

Psychological and Behavioral
Factors
HIV/AIDS
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular Problems
 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
 Others

Treatment and Outcome

Available Treatments
 Biofeedback
 Relaxation
Procedures
 Hypnosis
 Stress
Management
 Others

Prevention
 Lifestyle

and behavior patterns
Obstacles
 Denial
 Noncompliance
Changing Behavior to Promote
Health

Lifestyle practices – core of many health
problems
 Behavioral
risk factors are also influenced by
psychosocial factors
 Prevention and intervention programs target
behavioral risks
Changing Behavior to Promote
Health (continued)

Types of lifestyle behaviors
 Injury

and injury prevention
Repeated warnings are not enough
 AIDS

Highly preventable by changing behaviors
 China
and smoking cessation programs
 Diet, exercise, promotion of health and wellness
 Stanford Three Community Study
Self Control

Behavioral Excesses




Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Punishers
Immediate Reinforcers vs Cummulatively Significant
Punishers
Immediate Reinforcers vs Delayed Reinforcers for
Desired Behavior
Behavioral Deficiencies

Immediate Small Punishers vs Cummulatively Significant
Reinforcers
 Immediate Small Punishers vs Immediate but Highly
Improbable Major Punisher
 Immediate Small Punisher vs Delayed Major Punisher