Transcript Endocrine System

Endocrine System
Hormones
Endocrine glands
• Endocrine glands make hormones
• Hormones are chemical messengers
transported in the bloodstream.
• Hormones bring about a response, or
change, in cells with matching receptors called target cells.
Pituitary Gland
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Master gland
Located just below the brain
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (‘lact-’ means milk)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Growth Hormone
Growth hormone
Pituitary Gland
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
• Oxytocin
Thyroid gland
• Located in the neck region
• Makes thyroid hormone that regulates the
rate of metabolism in the body
• Iodine is needed for thyroid hormone
Goiter, due to iodine deficiency
Adrenal gland
• Small glands located just on top of the
kidneys
• Inner portion is called the adrenal medulla
• Makes epinephrine (aka adrenaline) and
norepinephrine
• Responsible for the fight or flight response
Adrenal gland
• Outer portion of the gland is the adrenal
cortex
• Cortisol helps the body conserve and store
energy; suppresses the immune response;
is anti-inflammatory
Adrenal gland
• The adrenal cortex also makes
aldosterone
• Results in sodium reabsorption from the
kidneys to the bloodstream
Pancreas
• Located just below the stomach
• Makes insulin that lowers blood glucose by
taking it out of the bloodstream and into
cells, such as brain cells
• Diabetes Mellitus is due to not enough
insulin, or the inability to respond to insulin
Diabetes Mellitus
• Type I, aka Insulin-dependent Diabetes is
an autoimmune disease that attacks the
insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
• Type II, aka adult-onset Diabetes has a
heavy hereditary component. Often
associated with poor diet and obesity.
• The last type of diabetes is called
gestational diabetes associated with
pregnancy.