Transcript B In a

Final Exam
Practice Questions
What are the main goals of
psychology?
A. To observe, describe, explain, predict, and control behavior.
B. To observe and describe feelings.
C. To observe and describe phenomena that science cannot
explain.
D. To research and teach positive life strategies.
A
Why is psychology
considered a science?
A. It studies the physical environment.
B. Scientists have researched psychological issues for over 800
years.
C. It studies humans and how they interact with each other.
D. It’s based on research and evidence.
D
The opening of the first
__________ marked the
beginning modern
psychology.
A. Mental asylum
B. Scientific laboratory
C. Psychological organization
D. Clinic
B
Psychologists begin their
studies by framing
A. Hypotheses.
B. Research questions.
C. Theories.
D. Surveys.
B
Which of the following are
methods that researchers use
to conduct surveys?
A. Case studies and longitudinal studies
B. Questionnaires and interviews
C. Online surveys and controlled experiments
D. Naturalistic observations and interviews
B
In a __________, each member of
the population being studied has
an equal chance of being chosen
to participate in the survey.
A. Stratified sample
B. Stratified population
C. Random sample
D. Control group
C
Both the cross-sectional and
longitudinal methods are
concerned with observing
A. The ways in which people change over time.
B. How people behave under controlled conditions.
C. People’s views on a particular subject.
D. People’s character traits and temperament.
A
Observing the way people
eat in restaurants is an
example of a(n)
A. Laboratory observation.
B. Experiment.
C. Naturalistic observation.
D .Case study.
C
The cross-sectional method
collects data by
A. Observing one group of participants over a certain period of
time.
B. Surveying the people who are the same age about their
personal histories.
C. Manipulating the independent variable.
D. Comparing participants from different age groups.
D
In an experiment it is useful to
have a control group to
A. Help minimize the effects of volunteer bias.
B. Ensure that the target population is represented.
C. Complete a full stratified sample.
D. Show the effect of the treatment and no other factors.
D
A double-blind study is
sometimes needed because
researchers
A. May have expectations that affect their observations.
B. Cannot control every variable outside a laboratory.
C. May not have time for a longitudinal study.
D. Are bound by a code of ethics.
A
After making their
observations, scientists study
their data using
A. Correlation.
B. The cross-sectional method.
C. The longitudinal method.
D. Laboratory observation.
A
Psychologists keep the
records of their research
participants confidential to
A. Encourage participants to tell the truth,
B. Make double-blind studies more effective.
C. Make single-blind studies more effective.
D. Avoid the placebo effect,
A
What are the two main parts
of the central nervous
system?
A. Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
B. Left and right hemispheres of the brain
C. Neurons and nerves
D. Brain and spinal cord
D
Which subsystem in the
nervous system is involved in
our fight-or-flight response?
A. Automatic nervous system
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Autonomic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
C
The largest part of the brain is
the
A. Cerebrum.
B. Cerebellum.
C. Thalamus.
D. Reticular activating system.
A
The corpus callosum is
responsible for
A. Regulating body temperature.
B. Storing nutrients for the brain.
C. Moving information from one hemisphere of the brain to the
other.
D. Maintaining balance and posture.
C
Which of the following is not a
method used by researchers
to study the brain?
A. Electroencephalogram
B. Computerized axial tomography
C. Limbic system
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
C
What gland(s) produce(s) a
hormone that controls
metabolism?
A. Adrenal glands
B. Ovaries
C. Thyroid
D. Pituitary
C
Taken to the extreme, the
“nature” point of view may
suggest what?
A. We cannot change anything about ourselves.
B. Our parents’ parenting style makes us who we are.
C. Where we were raised changes what we become.
D. Plastic surgery is unethical.
A
How do psychologists justify
the inclusion of consciousness
in psychology?
A. It’s always been studied by psychologists.
B. Consciousness can be directly observed
and measured; therefore it’s a behavior
and should be included in psychology.
C. It’s a psychological construct.
D. It can’t be directly seen or touched, but
it can be directly measured.
C
The type of consciousness we
experience when we are
conscious of external sensations is
known as
A. Sensory awareness.
B. Direct inner awareness.
C. Self-consciousness.
D. Environmental awareness.
A
Which of the following terms
does not relate to the others?
A. Subconscious
B. Sensory awareness
C. Unconscious
D. Hidden
B
Which of the following
produces an altered state of
consciousness?
A. Circadian rhythms
B. Meditation
C. Sense of self
D. Sensory awareness
B
How many stages sleep are
there?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 7
D. 8
B
Which of the following does
not occur during REM sleep?
A. Sleepwalking
B. Irregular breathing
C. Dreaming
D. Increased blood pressure
A
A person who has breathing
problems that occur during
sleep experiences
A. Night terrors.
B. Sleep apnea.
C. Narcolepsy.
D. Insomnia.
B
A method through which people
have learned to control some
bodily functions such as heart rate
is called
A. Biofeedback.
B. Meditation.
C. Hallucinatory therapy.
D. Hypnosis.
A
Which drugs increase the
activity of the nervous system?
A. Stimulants
B. Hallucinogens
C. Narcotics
D. Depressants
A
Marijuana is an example of a
A. Stimulant.
B. Narcotic.
C. Hallucinogen.
D. Depressant.
C
The act of responding in the
same ways to stimuli that
seem to be similar is
A. Generalization
B. Extinction
C. Discrimination
D. Spontaneous recovery
A
Classical conditioning can be
applied to help overcome fears
using each of the following
methods except
A. Flooding
B. Hypnosis
C. Counterconditioning
D. Systematic desensitization
B
The process by which a stimulus
increases the chances of a
preceding behavior occurring
again is known as
A. Reinforcement.
B. Programmed learning.
C. Conditioning.
D. Systematic desensitization
A
Which of the following is an
example of negative
reinforcement?
A. A person who is hungry will work for food.
B. Someone who becomes too warm in the
sun moves into the shade.
C. Children receive points for earning good
grades and the points can be
exchanged for snacks.
D. Student athletes who do not achieve the
required grades are removed from the
team.
B
Which of the following pairs of
terms are not directly
related?
A. Operant conditioning and reinforcement
B. Skinner and reinforcement
C. Classical conditioning and taste aversion
D. Modeling and classical conditioning
D
Which type of learning has occurred in the
following scenario: You know the layout of
your neighborhood simply because you
drive through it on a daily basis and
you’re able to find the pizza shop your
friend wants to meet you at for lunch,
without ever being there before or looking
up directions.
A. Classical conditioning
B. Latent learning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Vicarious reinforcement
B
The process of learning how
to ride a bike is an example
of
A. Classical conditioning.
B. Shaping,
C. Flooding.
D. Latent learning.
B
The approach that plays the
biggest role in matching people
to educational programs and
careers based on their personality
is the
A. Learning approach.
B. Psychoanalytic approach.
C. Trait approach.
D. Humanistic approach.
C
Hans Eysenck focused on the
relationships between what
two personality dimensions?
A. Introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-instability
B. Behavioral aspects and moral aspects
C. Happiness and discontentment
D. Id-ego and superego-repression
A
If a young woman who has
cheated on her boyfriend
accuses him of being unfaithful,
which defense mechanism is she
using?
A. Displacement
B. Projection
C. Rationalization
D. Reaction formation
B
According to Freud’s theory on
personality development,
unconscious desires and drives
are housed in the
A. Id.
B. Ego.
C. Superego.
D. Collective unconscious.
A
According to Carl Jung, the
young hero, the fertile and
nurturing mother, and the wise old
man are examples of
A. Traits.
B. Archetypes.
C. Congruences.
D. Dreams.
B
Alfred Adler believed that
people are motivated by
A. The collective unconscious.
B. External forces and influences.
C. Feelings of inferiority.
D. A desire for consistency.
C
Which of the following terms
does not relate to the others?
A. Behaviorism
B. Abraham Maslow
C. John Watson
D. B.F. Skinner
B
The process in which people learn
the desirable behaviors of their
culture is called
A. Acculturation.
B. Assimilation.
C. Conditioning.
D. Socialization.
D
Psychologist Carl Rogers
argued that personality is the
result of
A. The conflicts among the id, ego, and superego.
B. Free choice and action.
C. The inferiority complex.
D. External forces and influences.
B
The need for recognition and
accomplishment falls into which
level of Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs?
A. Esteem needs
B. Physiological needs
C. Self-actualization needs
D. Social needs
A
Which of the following criteria is
not used to identify symptoms of
psychological disorders?
A. Emotional discomfort
B. Maladaptivity
C. Socially Acceptable Behavior
D. Typicality
C
Which of the following disorders is
not an anxiety disorder?
A. Generalized anxiety disorder
B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C. Depersonalization disorder
D. Social phobia
C
Many people with panic disorder
also have which of the following?
A. Agoraphobia
B. Arachnophobia
C. Claustrophobia
D. Zoophobia
A
What are two general
categories of mood disorders?
A. Depression and bipolar disorder
B. Biological and psychological disorders
C. Anxiety and depression
D. Dissociative and bipolar disorders
A
What is the usual cause of
dissociative disorders?
A. Genetic factors
B. Severe head injury
C. Traumatic event
D. Hormonal imbalance
C
According to psychoanalytic
theory, people dissociate in
order to
A. Compensate for brain injuries.
B. Repress unacceptable urges.
C. Fake an illness.
D. Get attention.
B
Which of the following terms
does not relate to the other
terms?
A. Amnesia
B. Conversion disorder
C. Hypochondrias
D. Somatoform disorders
A
In most cases, what type of
hallucinations do people with
schizophrenia have?
A. Auditory
B. Olfactory
C. Visual
D. Tactile
A
Which view of schizophrenia
attributes the condition to a
loss of synapses in the brain?
A. Biological view
B. Learning view
C. Multifactorial view
D. Psychoanalytic view
A
What do people who are loners
and have no interest in
relationships with other people
likely to suffer from?
A. Paranoid schizophrenia
B. Schizoid personality disorder
C. Dissociative identity disorder
D. Antisocial personality disorder
B