Transcript 9.3 Issues and debates

ISSUES AND DEBATES
Paper 1: Foundations in psychology
Section A: Social psychology
Section B: Cognitive psychology
Section C: Biological psychology
Section D: Learning theories
Section E: Issues and debates has 20 marks and comprises two extended response questions,
covering the topic area of issues and debates in psychology.
Paper 3: Psychology Skills
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9.1 Methods
9.2 Synoptic review of studies
9.3 Issues and debates
A2: Paper 3: Psychological Skills
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What are they looking for?
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How might it be best to study for this section?
Issues and Debates
Every person
really can solve
crimes!
E P R C S C
NDSUS
Not dinosaurs…..
SILLY uncle Sven.
Issues and Debates
Every
Ethics
Person
Practical issues
Really
Reductionism
Can
Cultural
Solve
Science (Ψ as a science)
Crimes
Comparison of themes
Not
Nature/Nurture
Dinosaurs
Development (how Ψ has
developed over time)
Silly
Social control
Uncle
Usefulness
Sven
Socially sensitive issues
Reductionism
Would
anyone like some cake?
Served in the style of reductionism?
Or… would you like to see a picture of the
MOST beautiful person in the world….
Reductionism
 After
seeing those pictures define
reductionism.
AO1 Reductionism
 Breaks behaviour into the smallest parts
 simplest explanation
 focuses on just one aspect of behaviour
 isolates variables
 cause and effect
Studies
Classic
Contemporary
Other
Biological
Raine:
Brain Abnormality
Brendgen et al:
Social aggression
Learning
Watson and Rayer:
Little Albert
Becker et al:
Eating Disorders
Bandura: SLT
Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Social
Sherif:
Intergroup Conflict
Burger:
Replicating Milgram
Milgram: Obedience
Latane: Social impact theory
Cognitive
Baddeley:
Working Memory
Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil
Developmental pattern of digit span
Atkinson and Shiffrin: Multi-store Model
HM and Clive Wearing: Amnesia
Links to studies
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Reductionism Questions:
What is the one thing that is responsible for the behaviour? (IV)
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Holism Questions:
Where does a study consider different variations/factors that
could impact on behaviour (IV)?
Issues and Debates- Learning Space
Social
Cognitive
Biological
Learning
Clinical
Child
HOT POTATO
5 minutes:
Own thoughts
5 minutes:
How is it evident in the approach.
5 minutes:
How is it not evident in the approach.
5 minutes:
How is it evident in the approach.
5 minutes:
Factor checker
Share with class.
Reductionist
Social
Sherif
Latane
Milgram
Burger
Holism
Latane
An equation is used to calculate how people
will behaviour. This ignores the interaction
between the individual and the social
situation.
Milgram:
Considered a range of factors/variations in different
experiments. Proximity, authority figure, human vs
animal. Wide range of factors explored to see
whether it impacted on obedience.
Sherif:
Only looks at group behavior and not
individuals. States that competition is
responsible for the development of prejudice
and discrimination.
Sherif: range of factors needed to reconcile the
groups.
Superordinate goals, sustained contact, mutual
interdependence.
Reductionist
Cognitive
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Baddeley
HM & Clive Wearing
Holism
Atkinson and Shiffrin:
Breaking down Memory into segments:
little acknowledgement about the
interaction between the memory stores
HM and Clive Wearing
Brain scans help us to see how cognitive functions
are a results of a more holistic approach. Eg:
interactions between different areas of the brain is
responsible for aspects such as memory (amnesia
patients).
Baddeley:
Breaking down working memory into
subsections.
Baddeley: Short term and long term: interaction
between the two was acknowledged.
Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil
Age is responsible for the development in
memory.
Sebastian and Hernandez=Gil
Different variation of the IV age:
Other factors: illness, AD, language,
Reductionist
Biological
Raine
Brendgen et al:
Holism
Scientific methods are usually reductionistsestablish cause and effect.
Raine: brain activity was just one factor that could
lead to criminal behaviour.
Raine:
Murderers= not other people.
Brain structure not hormones or genes
Nature and not nurture (upbringing, SES, SLT)
Also looked at many areas of the brain.
Brendgen et al:
Aggressive behaviour:
Social and Physical aggression
Reductionist
Learning
Behaviour is the result of previous
experience, consequences. (Skinner)
Holism
Range of ways to influence behaviour-
Watson & Raynor
Bandura
Skinner
Becker
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The role models within the environment
influences behaviour (Bandura).
Environment (loud noise) cause the phobia.
(Watson and Raynor)
TV was the variable that they explored to see
whether there were any changes in behaviour
no other variables were considered. (Becker)
schedules of reinforcement (partial/fixed and
interval/ratio).
Consequences (rewards and punishment)
What would the world be like if we used a
reductionist approach in our daily life…..
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Meals?
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Entertainment?
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Social interactions?
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Reasons for doing badly on a test?
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Court cases?
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Illnesses?
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Well being?