Personality Section 2
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Transcript Personality Section 2
BEHAVIORISM: a theoretical orientation based on
the premise that scientific psychology should
study only observable behavior
Determinism:
behavior is fully
determined by
environmental
stimuli
Skinner: personality
is a collection of
response
tendencies that are
tied to various
stimulus situations
Operant
conditioning
develops
personality
Conditioning
strengthens or
weakens response
tendencies
Albert Bandura
Advocates reciprocal
determinism: the
idea that internal
mental events,
external
environmental
events, and overt
behavior all influence
one another
Def: when an
organism’s
responding is
influenced by the
observation of
others, who are
called models
Def: refers to one’s
belief about one’s
ability to perform
behaviors that
should lead to
expected outcomes
Walter Mischel
Behavior is
characterized by
more situational
specificity than
consistency
HUMANISM: theoretical orientation that emphasizes
the unique qualities of humans, especially their
freedom and their potential for personal growth
People can rise above
primitive nature
People are conscious
and rational beings
Phenomenological
approach: assumes
that one has to
appreciate
individuals’ personal,
subjective
experiences to truly
understand their
behavior
Carl Rogers
Self-concept: a
collection of beliefs
about one’s own
nature, unique
qualities, and typical
behavior
Incongruence: the
degree of disparity
btwn one’s selfconcept and one’s
actual experience
Childhood has a
strong effect on the
self
The self-concept
evolves throughout
childhood and
adolescence
Eventually it
stabilizes
Experiences that
threaten people’s
personal views of
themselves cause
anxiety
People act
defensively to
prevent anxiety
Hierarchy of needs:
a systematic
arrangement of
needs, according to
priority, in which
basic needs must
be met before less
basic needs are
aroused
Need for selfactualization: the
need to fulfill one’s
potential; it is the
highest need in
Maslow’s
motivational
hierarchy
Self-actualizing
persons: people
with exceptionally
healthy
personalities,
marked by
continued personal
growth
Hans Eysenck
Suggests all aspects
of personality
emerge from 3
higher-order traits:
Extraversion,
Neuroticism, and
Psychoticism
(egocentric,
impulsive, cold,
antisocial)
Def: a generalized
preference for high
or low levels of
sensory stimulation
1st described by
Marvin Zuckerman
Thrill and adventure
seeking
Experience seeking
Disinhibition
Susceptibility to
boredom
Mark Snyder
Def: the degrees to
which people
attend to and
control the
impression they
make on others in
social interactions
How do you feel
you are perceived
by others?